Obeer 69.— DIPSACB^. 



406 



2. VALERIANEL'LA, Moench. DC. (Lat. diminutive of Valeriana.) 

 Calyx limb obsolete; corolla tube short, not spurred, limb 5-lobed 

 regular ; stamens 3 ; stigmas 3-cleft or entire ; fruit 3-celled, 2 of them' 

 empty and more or less inflated, the other with one seed. — (J) Stems 

 forked above. Lvs. opposite, oblong or linear, entire or toothed, ses- 

 sile. Fls. in dense, terminal cymelets. The specific characters are 

 afforded mainly by the fruit. 



* Fruit ovate in outline, glabrous or pubescent. Flowers white Nos 1 2 



* Fruit orbicular, glabrous, — cooipreased dorsally. Flowers white Nos. 8 4 



— compressed laterally. Flowers blue .' No.' 5 



1 V. Pagop^rum. Lvs. oblong-spatulate, subentire ; fr. smooth, ovoid-triangu- 

 lar, the empty cells converging to the obtuse angle, with no groove between them • 

 fls. large (IJ" broad).— West N. T. to Ohio. St. 8 to 18' in height. Bracts lan- 

 ceolate, acute. Fr. resembling that of Buckwheat (Polygonum Pagopyrum,) in 

 form, containing one large seed and two empty cells. Pis. thviee larger than in 

 the next. Pr. IJ" long. Jn. (Pedia T. & a.) 



2 V. radiata Dufr. Lvs. mostly toothed towards the base, linear-oblong, obtuse ; 

 /;'. pubescent, ovoid, somewhat i-angled, 1-toothed at apex ; empty cells not con- 

 vergent, but loiih a groove between them ; futile cell flattish, broader than the 

 other 2; fls. small (V wide). — Low grounds, Mich., Ohio, to Ala. St. 6 to 12' 

 high, dichotomous like the other species, smooth. Lvs. oblong, more or less taper- 

 ing to the base, 1 to 2' by 2 to 4"- Pr. less than 1" long, at length nearly 

 smooth. (Fedia, Mx.) 



3 V. umbilicata (SuU.) Lvs. oblong-lanceolate, toothed or incised at the base ; 

 fr. subglobous, inflated, apex 1-toothed, the anterior face deeply unibilicate and 

 perforated into the sterile cells which are much larger than the fertile one. — Moist 

 grounds, Columbus, Ohio, (Sullivant). Plant smooth, 1 to 2f high, many times 

 dichotomous. Pis. in numerous cymules, corymbously arranged. Fr. nearly 1" 

 diam., with 1 rib at the back produced into a tooth at apex. (Fedia, Sull.) 



4 V. patellaria (SuU.) Lvs. toothed at base ; fr. obicular, much flattened, con- 

 cave, notched at both ends, the sterile cells widely divergent, at length forming a 

 winged margin to the fertile cells. — ^Wet grounds near Columbus, Ohio, (Sullivant). 

 Resembles the last except in its fruit. (Pedia, SuU.) 



5 V. olitoria Moench. Lamb Lettuce. Lvs. spatulate-obtuse, radical one petio- 

 late ; fr. compressed laterally as to the seed, oblique, at length broader than long, 

 not toothed at apex ; fertile cell longer than both the others, with a corky back ; 

 empty cells united, but vrith a groove (in the circumference) between ; fls. pale 

 blue. — Naturahzed in some portions of the TJ. S. St. smooth, 8 to 12' high, 

 dichotomous. Lvs. mostly entire. Pis. in dense cymules. Pr. 1' diam. Jn. f 

 §Eur. 



Order LXIX. DIPSACE^. Teaselworts. 



Serbs with whorled or opposite leaves and no stipules. Flowers in dense heads 

 surrounded by an involucre as in Compositaj. Oalyx adherent, pappus-lUie, sur- 

 rounded by a special scarious involucel, corolla tubular, somewhat irregular, the limb 

 4 to 5-parted. Stamens 4, alternate with the lobes of coroUa, often unequal. An- 

 tfiers distinct. Ovary inferior, one-celled, one-ovuled. Style one, simple. Fruit 

 dry, indehiscent, with a single suspended seed. (Pig. 206.) 



Genera S, upeeies 150. The order is nearly allied to the CompositEE. The species are all n.i- 

 tives of the temperate regions of the eastern continent, none of them American. Their proper- 

 ties are unimportant. One of the species below is useful in dressing cloth. 



1. DIP'SACUS, L. Teasel. (Gr. 6i\pdo, to thirst; water is held in 

 the axils of the leaves.) Flowers in heads ; involucre many-leaved ; 

 involucel 4-sided, closely investing the calyx and fruit ; calyx superior ; 

 corolla tubular, 4-cleft, lobes erect ; fruit 1-seeded, crowned with the 



