442 Oedbb 'to.— composite. 



p. TEjufATDM. St. 6-sided; hs. temaiely verticiUaie. — ^Prairies, with the com- 

 mon form; apparently connecting this with S. trifoliatum, from which it is 

 nevertheless distinct. 



6 S. scaberrimum EU. St. hispid; Ivs. opposite, rigid, oval somewhat pointed, 

 serrate, very roughly hispid on both sides, the lower petiolate, upper subsessile, 

 entire; scaks ciliate-serrulaie, squarrous; ach. large, roundish, broadiy winged, with 

 convergent teeth. — W. Ga. to La. St 3 — 4f high. Hds. nearly 1' diam., rays 20 

 or more, spreading 2'. Ach. 6" long. Aug., Sept. 



7 S. lEBvigatum Ell. Smooth and glabrous; Ivs. opposite, thiokj lanee-oblqng, 

 Bubserrate, somewhat pointed, the lower petiolate, upper sessile, with an abrupt 

 base, highest cordate, entire ; scales ovate, obtuse, ciliate-squarrous ; ach. oval; 

 mairrowly winged, the teeth short, divergent. — "W". Ga. and Ala. St. 2 to 3f high, 

 somewhat 4-angled. Hds. small, corymbed, rays spreading 1^'. Aohenia, 4" 

 long. Aug., Sept. 



8 S. Asteriscua L. Hispid, often hairy; st. terete, striate; Ivs. mostly alter- 

 nate, lanceolate, crenate-serrate, obtusish, the lower tapering to a petiole, oppo- 

 site or alternate, upper sessile ; scales squarrous, leafy ; ach! rouudish-obovate, 

 with short divergent teeth. — Dry soils, Ta, to Fla. and La., common. St. 2 to 4f 

 high, generally purple. Lower Ivs. (rarely whorled) 4 to 7' long. Hds. few, 1' 

 broad, with 12 to 15 rays, 1' in length. Ach. 3 to 4" long. Jn. — Aug. — ^Varia- 

 ble, being sometimes nearly smooth, the lower Ivs. sometimes sinuate-toothed, etc 



j8. PUiiiLtiM. Downy or tomentous, low; Ivs. elliptical, obtuse, subserrate, 

 upper entire ; hds. smaller ; ach. with very short teeth or almost truncate.— 

 Ga. (Feay), (S. pumilum Ph.). The t'eeth of the ach. are not invariable in 

 this genus. 



9 S. perfolidtum L. Cup-plant. St. square ; Ivs. large, thin, opposite, connate- 

 perfoliate, ovate, coarsely toothed, narrowed towards the base ; hds. in a triohot- 

 omous cyme, on a long ped. ; scales ovate, obtuse, squarrous ; ach. broadly 

 obovate, winged, emarginate. — Along streams, etc., Mich, to Tenn., plant coarse 

 and forbidding, 4 to 7f high. Lvs. 8 to 14' by 4 to 7', the upper pairs forming a 

 cup with their connate bases. Hds. large, with 12 to 20 rays. Ach. 6" long. 

 J]., Aug. (Also, S. conuatum L.) 



42. BERLANDFERA, DC. (Named for Berlandier, a botanical col- 

 lector.) Heads , radiate ; ray-flowers $, fertile, in one series ; disk 2 

 but sterile ; scales in 3 series, leafy, subequal ; receptacle chaffy ; 

 pales obtuse ; achenia all marginal, in one row, obcompressed, wing- 

 less, obovate, more or less adherent to the inner scales of the involucre ; 

 pappus minute. — 1( Herbs velvety-canescent, with alternate, cordate, 

 petiolate lvs. and hds. with yellow rays. 



1 B. tomentosa Torr. & Gr. Caulescent, whitened with a close, soft tomentum ; 

 St. simple ; lvs. oblong, obtuse, crenate, petiolate, somewhat smooth and green 

 above ; hds. in small, dense corymbs. — ^Barrens, Ga., Fla. and La. St. 1 to 2f 

 high. Lvs. 2 to 3' by 1', the upper and lower surfaces strongly contrasted in 

 color. Rays 7 to 10, spreading 2'. Apr. — Aug. (Silphium Ph.) 



2 B. subaoaCilis Nutt. Acaulescmt, at length somewhat caulescent, roughish 

 oanesoent; lvs. radical, lyrate or sinuate-pinnatifld, the lobes crenate-toothed; 

 scapes elongated, bearing a single head. — Ga. and Pla. May, Jn. 



43. PARTHE'KIUM, L. (Gr. -na^Oivog, a virgin ; from its medici- 

 nal efficacy.) Heads many-flowered ; ray-flowers 5, somewhat ligulate, 

 fertile ; disk flowers tubular, sterile ; involucre hemispherical, scales in 

 2 series, outer ovate, inner orbicular ; receptacle conical, chafiy ; aohe- 

 nia 6, compressed, cohering with 2 contiguous pales. — American herbs 

 •with alternate lvs. 



1 P. integrifdlium L. St. pubescent, striate, erect; lvs. hispid-scabrous, lance- 

 ovate, coarsely dentate-crenate, coriaceous, lower petiolate, upper sessile, hds. 

 many, tomentous, corymbed.— 2^ Dry soils, Mid. and "W. States. St. rigid, 3 to 



