Ordbe to.— composite. 447 



petioles 6 to 10' long. Kays about 18, oblong, linear, bright yellow. Aug. — 

 Oct. t 



53. LEP'ACHYS, Eaf. Heads radiate ; involucre in one series of 

 linear scales ; ray flowers few, neutral, disk perfect ; receptacle col- 

 umnar, chafiy ; chaff obtuse, and bearded at apex ; pappus ; fer- 

 tile achenia compressed, 1 to 2-winged. — U Lvs. alternate, pinnately 

 divided. Hds. Qf fls. yellow, with long, drooping rays. 



L. pinn^ta Torr. & Gr. Scabrous; lvs. all pinnate, the divisions 3 to 1, 

 some of the lower ones 2-parted, the rest undivided ; rays elongated. — In dry 

 soils, Western N. T., W. and S. States. St. 2 to 4f high, slender, furrowed and 

 hispid. Hds. very showy. Rays yellow, about 2' in length, pendulous, the disk 

 ovate, purple. Jn. — Sept. (Rudbeokia Mx. Obeliaearia Cass.) 



54. HELIAN'THUS, L. Sun-flower. (Gr. ijXwg, the sun, difBog, 

 flower.) Heads radiate, ray-fls. neutral, disk ^ ; scales of the invol- 

 ucre imbricated in several series ; receptable flat or convex, the chaff 

 persistent, embracing the achenia ; pappus of 2 chaffy awns, deciduous ; 

 achenia compressed or 4-sided, not margined. — Herbs mostly 2f, rough. 

 Lvs. opposite, the upper often alternate, mostly tripli-veined. Rays 

 yellow, disk yellow or purple. 



§ Disk(its corollas and pales) darkpurple, mostly convex, (a) 



a Herbs annual. Leaves chiefly alternate Nos. 1, 2 



a Herbs perennial. Leaves opposite. — Scales acuminate Nos. 8 — 5 



— Scales obtuse Nos. 6, 7 



§ Disk (its corollas and pales) yellow, (b) 



b Leaves chiefly alternate and feather-veined Nos. 8 — ^11 



b Leaves chiefly opposite and 8-veined or triplivelned. (c) 



O Scales erect, closely imbricated.— Plants green, rough Nos. 12, 13 



— Plants whitish, downy,. Nos. 14, 15 



e Scales loosely spreading. Heads large, 9 to 15-rayed. (a) 



d Scales lance-linear, longer than disk. Leaves thin Nos. 16, 17 



d Scales l.ance-ovate, as long as the disk. Leaves thick..' Nos. 18—21 



C Scales loosely spreading. Heads small, 5 to 8-rayed Nos: 22 -25 



1 H. dnnuus L. Erect, sioui; lvs. all cordate, 3-veined, only the lowest op- 

 posite ; ped. thick ; hds. large, nodding ; ach. glabrous. — Thil stately annual is 

 from S. America. It grows in any soil, but its magnitude is in proportion, vary- 

 ing from 2f to 10, or even 15f. The enormous size of the flowers with their 

 broad rays of brlUiant yellow are too well known to require description. A 

 variety occurs with the flowers all radiate. Jl., Aug. — An edible oil has been 

 expressed from the seeds. 



2 H. debilis Nutt. Decumbent, slender; lvs. ovate, serrulate, petiolate, mostly 

 alternate ; Jids. small, solitary, pedunculate ; scales narrow, slender-poiflited j ach. 

 pubescent. — (J) Ma., La. (Not within our Kmits ?). Sts. 1 to 2f long. Hds. half 

 an inch diam. Rays about 12. 



3 H. Radula Torr. & Gr. Erect, hirsute, simple, bearing a single head; lvs. 

 sessile or nearly so, roundish obovate or ovate, obtuse, opposite, crowded below • 

 scales and pales lanceolate, acuminate, erect, dark purple ; rays 7 to 10, rarely none. 

 — y Barrens, Ga., Ala., Ma. Sts. often clustered, 1 to 3f high. Lvs. very rough 

 on tlie upper surface. Hds. near 1' diam., disk dark purple. Aug., Sept + 

 (Rudbeckia, Ph.) 



4 H. h.eteroph;^llus Nutt. Slightly hispid, slender, bearing a single head ; lvs. 

 opposite, entire,, subsessile, the lower oval, upper linear-lanceolate, scales acumi- 

 nate, erect, ciliale; pales acute; rays 12 to 18. — y N. Car. to Ma. and La. St. 1 

 to 2f high. Hds. 6" diam., rays expandmg 2J'. Aug., Sept. 



5 H. angustifolius L. Erect, slender, scabrous or hispidly hirsute ; lvs. ses- 

 sile, lance-linear, tapering to a long point, 1-veined, rigid, opposite, the upper oiten 

 alternate, subdenticulate, often revolute ; hds. pedunculate, few ; scales lance- 

 linear, the long point spreading ; pales linear, 3-toothed. — Sandy or rocky places, 

 N. J., Ky., and S. States, common. St. 2 to 3f high, subsimple. Lvs. 2 to 5' by 

 3 to 6", broadest at the abrupt base. Rays 12 to 18, expanding about 2'. Disk 

 (lowers brown at the summit. Aug. — Oct. ' 



