Obder VO.— COMPOSITiE. 457 



"the Ivs. almost filiform. Hds. about IJ' broad, including the rays. Invol. squar- 

 rou3. Aug., Sept. (Actiaospermuru angustifolium T. & G.) 



68. MARSHAL'LIA, Schreb. False Scabish. (To Humphrey Mar- 

 shall of Pent!., one of our earliest botanical authors.) Involucre scales 

 lance-linear, subequal, erect, in one or two rows ; receptacle convex, 

 with linear, rigid pales ; flowers all tubular, g ; corolla lobes slender 

 spreading ; achenia 6-angled ; pappus of 5 or 6 membranous, awned 

 scales. — 21 Ornamental herbs, simple or branched, with alternate, en- 

 tire, 3-veinod Ivs., and solitary long-stalked hds. of purplish fls. resem- 

 bling a Scabish. 



1 M. latifdlia Ph. St. simple, leafy ; Ivs. ovate-lanceolaie, acuminate, sessile ; 

 scaUs rigid, acute; pales narrowly linear; pappus triangular-acuminate. — Dry 

 soils, Va. to Ala. (Shields) along the mountains. A smooth, handsome plant If 

 high, with a slender, purple stem. Lvs. about 2' long, conspicuously 3-veined. 

 Cor. 6 to 1"' long, with slender tabes, scales half as long. May, Jn. 



2 M. angustifdlia Ph. St. mostly branched, leafy ; lvs. helow narrowly lanceo- 

 late, above narrowly linear, all acute ; scaks acute, pales setaceous ; pappus ovate- 

 acuminate. — Swamps, &c., N. Car., Tenn. to Pla. A beautiful plant. Sts. often 

 clustered at base. If high. Lvs. 3 to 6' long, the lower petiolate, upper shorter, 

 diminished to bristle form bracts. Jn. — Aug. 



3 M. lanoeolata Ph. Simple, leafy below, naked above ; lvs. lanceolate or ob- 

 lancoolate, mostly obtuse, tapering to a petiole, the upper sessile ; scales oilong, 

 linear, obtuse ; pales spatulate ; ach. pubescent. — Upper districts N. Car. to G-a. 

 and Ala. Sts. 1 to 2f high. Apr. — Jn. 



69. AN'THEMIS, L. Chamomile. Involucre hemispherical, with 

 nearly equal scales ; rays numerous, pistillate ; receptacle chaffy, con- 

 vex or conic ; achenia crowned with a slight border. — ^European herbs 

 with much divided lvs. 



X A. arvensis L. St. erect, hairy ; lvs. bipinnatifid, hairy and canescent, segments 

 linear-lanceolate; aoh. crowned with a narrow margin ; pales lanceolate, cuspidate, 

 longer than tlie flowers. — @ Grows in dry, cultivated fields. A pilous, inodorous 

 plant, somewhat resembling the Mayweed. Stems diffusely branching, 8 — 15' 

 high. Heads large, solitary on the leafless, downy summits of the branches. 

 Disk yellow, rays white. July. § Eur. 



2 A. nobilis L. St. prostrate, branching from the base, woolly ; lvs. decompound- 

 pinnatifid, segments linear, subulate; pales scarious, lanceolate, scarcely a^ long as 

 (he flowers. — 2f Grows wild occasionally in fields, and is cultivated in gardens. 

 The strong and agreeable scent of the Chamomile is well known, also its tonic 

 and anodyne qualities, which chiefly reside in the flowers. July — Sept. § Eur. 



70. MARU^TA, Less. May-webd. Involucre hemispherical, imbri- 

 cated ; rays neutral ; disk perfect ; receptacle conical, chaffy (at least 

 at the summit) ; pappus ; achenia smooth. — European herbs, with al- 

 ternate, much divided leaves. Kays white. 



M. cotula DC. St. erect, nearly smooth ; lvs. bipinnatifid, segments Imear-subu- 

 late ; pales bristly, shorter than the flowers. — ® Waste places, in hard, dry soils, 

 especially by roadsides, in patches of great extent. Stem branching, diffuse. If 

 high, with alternate leaves divided and subdivided into a multitude of segments. 

 Flowers solitary, on terminal, striated stalk.s. The plant is ill-scented. Linnasus 

 says it is grateful to toads, drives away fleas, and is annoying to flies. Jn. — 

 Sept. § Eur. (Anthemis L.) 



71. ACHILLE'A, L. Millfoil. Yabbow. (Named after Achilles, 

 a disciple of Chiron, who first used the plant.) Involucre ovoid, of un- 

 equal imbricated scales; rays 5 to 10, short, pistillate ; receptacle flat, 



