Order 70.— COMPOSITE. 465 



ve'Bjyv dentate, ovate-lanceolate and oblong, radical ones stalked, cauline sesaila ; 

 hda. few ; invol. hairy, with aouminate scales ; adi. hairy. — Ravines, White Mta., 

 N. H., Essex Mta., N. J. Also Kocky Mts. St. 1 to 2f high. Lvs. 2 to 6' in 

 length, the upper one broad at the base, the lower tapering to a winged petiole, 

 often acute, but not acuminate. Jl. 

 2 A. nudicaCilis EIL Hirsute ; lvs. all sessile, subentire, oval or ovate, 3 to 5- 

 veined, the veins converging to the apex, cavline small, 1 or 2 pairs ; hds. tew, 

 large, terminal; rays about 12, 3-toothed at end; ach. glabrous. — Wet, sandy 

 soils Va. to Fla. St. If high, soape-lilce. Lvs. mostly radical, resembling those 

 of the plantains (Plantago), but smaller (2 to 3' long.) Bays spreading fully 2'. 

 Apl., May. 



Tkibe 5. CYNAREiE. 



88. CYN'ARA, L. (Gr. kvuv, a dog; the stiff, hard spines of the 

 invol. resemble a dog's teeth.) Heads discoid, homogamous ; invol- 

 ucre dilated, imbricate, scales fleshy, emarginate, pointed ; receptacle 

 setaceous ; pappus plumous ; achenia not beaked. — Natives of the Old 

 World. 



1 C Scolymus L. Gaeden Artichoke. Lvs. subspinose, pinnate and un- 

 divided; invol. scales ovate. — H Gardens and cultivated grounds. A well known 

 garden esculent. The parts used are the receptacle, the lower part of the in- 

 volucre and the upper portion of the stalk. It is cultivated from suckers placed 

 in rows, 3 feet apart. Aug., Sept. | § Eur. 



2 C. cardunculus L. CAEDOOif. Lvs. spiny,, all pinnatifid ; invol. scales ovate. 

 — y Flowers purple. This plant is blanched or etiolated, by heaping earth 

 around it, whence its petioles become crisp, tender, and -are used like celery. 

 t §Eur. 



89. TAGETES, L. Marigold. (For Tages, a Tuscan divinity, son 

 of Genius and grandson of Jupiter.) Heads heterogamous ; involucre 

 simple, tubular, of 5 to 10 united scales ; ray flowers 5, persistent; re- 

 ceptacle naked ; pappus of 5 erect awns.—® Herbs of tropical Amer- 

 ica. Lvs. pinnately divided. 



1 T. patula L. French Marigold. St. erect, with widely spreading 

 tranches; segm. of the leaves linear-lanceolate; ped. elongated, subcylindric, 

 one-flowered ; invol. smooth. — Plant about 2f high. Eays orange yellow ; 

 variegated with dark purple, f 



2 T. erecta L. Africait Marigold. St. stout, erect; segm. of the lvs. 

 lanceolate, ciliate-serrate ; ped. 1-flowered, ventricous and thickened at the sum- 

 mit ; invol. angular. — The hda. are twice larger than in T. patula, and on shorter 

 peduncles. — ^These are well known and popular garden flowers with several 

 varieties, f 



90. CALEN'DULA, L. Pot Marigold. (Lat. caZewrfa, the first day 

 of the month ; some species blossom monthly.) Heads radiate ; in- 

 volucre of many equal leaves, in about 2 series ; rays ¥ , fertile, disk 



$ , sterile ; receptacle naked ; achenia of the disk membranaceous ; 



pappus 0. — An oriental genus of annual herbs. Lvs. alternate. 



C. oiHciualis L. "Viscid-pubescent; st. branched; lvs. oblong, acute, mu- 

 cronate, sessile, subdentate and scabrous-eiliate on the margin ; hds. terminal, 

 solitary; ach. carinate, murieate, incurved. — A common and handsome garden 

 plant,, from S. Burone. It has double, lemon-colored, and other varieties. Flow- 

 ers large and brilliant, generally orange-colored. Jn. — Sept. f 



91. CENTAU'REA, L. Knap-wbbd. Bachelor's-button. (The 

 centaur, Okiron, it is said, cured with these, his foot wounded by Her- 



30 



