Ordeb 70.— COMPOSIT-*!. 473 



Ivs, large, irregularly toothedy petioles winged, lower ones oblong-ovate, somewhat 

 hastate or deltoid, upper - oblong-lanceolate ; hds. nodding, in small, pedunculate 

 and panioled clusters; invol. Miry,, of 11 to 14 scales, with 25 to 35 _^s. ; pappus 

 tawny. — Fields and thickets, W. States. One of the largest species. St. 5 to 8f 

 high. Lvs. 4 to 12' by 2-J- to T, obtuse or acute. Hda. large but not numerous, 

 with brown scales and yellowish fls. Aug. — Oct. 



108. TROX'IMON, Nutt. (Gr. rpii^ifiog, eatable ; applied to this 

 genus with little propriety.) Heads many-flowered; involucre cam- 

 panulate, scales loosely imbricate, lancc-ovate, membranous, in 2 to 3 

 rows ; achenia oblong-linear, compressed, glabrous, not rostrate ; pappus 

 setaceous, copious, ■white. — U Lvs. all radical. Scape bearing a single, 

 large, showy hd. with yellow fls. 



T. cuspidatum Ph. Et. fusiform ; lvs. linear-lanceolate, acuminate, margins 

 tomentous, often undulate ; scales acuminate-cuspidate, erect, smooth, in 2 series, 

 the outer nearly equal to the inner. Prairies, Wise. (Lapham), 111. (Mead.), W. 

 to the Eocky Mts. (Nuttall). Apr.' — Jn. (T. marginatum Nutt.) 



109. TARAX'ACUffl, Desf. Dandelion. (Gr. rapaKTiKog, cathar- 

 tic ; from its medicinal properties.) Involucre double, the outer of 

 small scales much shorter than the inner, appressed row ; receptacle 

 naked ; achenia produced into a long beak crowned with the copious, 

 white, capillary pappus. — Acaulescent herbs, with runcinatc lvs. 



T. Dens-lednis Leas. Outer scales of the involucre reflexecJ'; lvs. runoinate, 

 smooth, dentate. — % In all open situation, blossoming at all seasons except win- 

 ter. Lvs. all radical, the teeth or lobes bent backwards. After the flower is 

 closed and decayed, the hollow scape rises higher and bears a head of fruit full 

 fledged, the airy, globular form of which is very conspicuous in the tall grass. The 

 leaves in Spring furnish an excellent pot herb. Apr. — Nov. § Eur. (Leoutodoa 

 Taraxacum L.) (Fig. 324.) 



HO. PYRROPAP'PUS, DC. False Dandelion. (Gr. -nvppog, flame- 

 colored ; ndTTTTog, pappus.) Involucre double, the outers row numerous, 

 loose and spreading ; receptacle naked ; achenia 5-grooved, at length 

 long-beaked, bearing a copious, soft capillary, reddish pappus. — ® and 

 2| Hds. solitary on long peduncles, large, with numerous deep yellow 

 fls. (Borkhausia, Nutt.) 



P. Carolini^mia DC. St. simple or branched, scape-like ; lvs. mostly radical, 

 lanceolate, acute, sinuate-toothed, lobed, or pinnatiftd, some or all of them often 

 entire. — Fields and pastures, very common. Sts. with 1 to 3 small lvs., 6 to 20' 

 high. Outer scales subulate-iiliform, inner linear. Ach. oblong, beak filiform, 

 longer (7'') than the showy pappus. Hds. in flower 18" to 2' broad, turning to 

 the morning sun. Mar. — Jl. 



111. LYGODES'MIA, Don. (Gr. kvyog, a wand, deofiog, a bond; 

 alluding to its slender habit.) Involucre, flowers, &c., as in Nabalus, 

 except that the pappus is very copious, soft, smooth, whitish, and the 

 corollas rose-colored. — In habit remarkably different from Nabalus, with 

 linear-subulate lvs. and erect hds. on long, naked peduncles. (Prenan- 

 thes, Nutt.) 

 L. aph;^lla DC. St. scape-like, erect, slender, striate, once or twice forked above; 



lvs. nearly all radical, short, linear-filiform. — Pine woods, Ga., Fla. (Mettauer.) 



St. 2f high. Hds. few, cylindrical, the invol. 10" long; cor. showy, exserted 



about the same length. Eoot lvs. 6 to 10' long. May. 



il2. LACTUXA, Tourn. Lettuce. (Lat. lac, milk ; from the milky, 

 abundant juice.) Involucre few-flowered, scales imbricated in 2 or 

 more unequal, rows ; achenia obcompressed (flattened same way as the 



