496 Oedbe 14.— AQUIFOLIACB^. 



31. PTEROS'PORA, Nutt. Albany Beech-drops. — (Gr. TTTEpov, a 



wing, airopd, a. seed ; alluding to the winged seeds.) Calyx 5-parted ; 



corolla nrceolate, roundish-ovoid, the limb 5-tooth4d and reflexed; 



stamens 10, anthers peltate, 2-celled, 2-awned, opening lengthwise; 



capsule 5-celled, 5-valved ; seeds very numerous, minute, winged at the 



apex. — 2f Plant leafless, brownish-red. Fls. racemed, white, resembling 



those of Andromeda. 



P. andromedea Nutt. In various parts of N. T. and Vt, rare. First discovered 

 by Dr. J). S. C. H. Smitli, near Niagara Falls, 1816. Scape 12 to 30' high, dark 

 purple, clothed with short, viscid wool. Rao. 6 to 12' long, with 50 or more 

 nodding fls. Pedicels irregularly scattered, 6 to 8" long, axillary to long,linear 

 bracts. Cor. shorter than the pedicels, somewhat campanulate, open at the throat 

 Jl. (Monotropa procera Ba.) 



Order LXXIV. AQUIFOLIACE^. Hollyworts. 



Shrubs or trees, with evergreen, alternate or opposite, simple, coriaceous, exstipi> 

 late leaves. Flowers small, axillary, sometimes dicEcious. Sepals 4 to 6, imbrieate 

 in bud, very minute. Cor. regular, 4 — 6-cleft or parted, hypogynous, imbricate in 

 estivation. Sta. inserted into the very short tube of the corolla and alternate with 

 its segments. Anth. adnate. Ova. free from the calyx, 2 — 6-oelled, with a solitary, 

 suspended ovule in each cell. Fr. drupaceous, with 2 — 6 stones or nucules. Albu- 

 men large, fleshy. 



Genera 11, species 110, natives of America and S. Africa, only one, Ilex the IIollj. Ilex aqui- 

 fulinin, which gives name to the Order, being found in Europe. , 



Properties. — The bark and leaves of Prinos verticillatua (black alder) are eminently astringent 

 .and tonic, as well as those of the Holly. The berries are emetic and purgative. The leaves of 

 Prinos glaber, aHd Ilex Faraguensia are used for tea, the latter well known as the Mat& or Para- 

 guay Tea. 



The idea of uniting the two genera Ilex .and Prinos was advanced by Dr. "Wm. Baldwin, in 

 1S16 (" Keliquiffi," p. 341) in consequence of discovering some of the deciduous species of Ilex 

 which he at first mistook for Prinos. The suggestion has since been repeated by several authors, 

 and at length Prof. Gray (Manual, p. 263) includes both under one name (Ilex). The two groups, 

 however, seem to us quite as distinct as Gayluesacia and Vaccinium^ and moreover, Nemo- 

 panthes is intermediate. 



GENERA. 



§ Habitually tetramerous. Drupe with 4, bony, sulcato nutlets Iliex. 1 



§ Habitually tetr.amorous. Drupe with 4, horny, smooth nutlets NKMOPANinES. 2 



§ Habitually hcxamerous. Berry with G (7, S) smooth, cartilaginous seeds Pbinos. 3 



1. ILEX, L. Holly. (The ancient name of the Holm Oat, the 

 derivation uncertain.) Fls. 4 (rarely 5)-parted, mostly perfect but many 

 abortive ; calyx 4-toothed, persistent ; corolla of 4 obtuse petals distinct 

 or scarcely united at base ; stamens 4 ; stigmas 4, or united into one ; 

 drupe red, with 4 bony nutlets, ribbed and furrpj^d on the convex 

 back. — Lvs. alternate. Fls. small, white, lateral, single or clustered. 



^ Trees evergreen— the leaves armed with spinous teeth No. 1 



^ Shrubs evergreen — the leaves unarmed, serrate or entire Nos. 2 — i 



§ Shrubs deciduous, the leaves thin, serrate or entire Nos. 5 — 7 



1 I. opica L. American Holly. Arborescent ; lvs. oval, acute, with strong, 

 spinous teeth, coriaceous smooth, and shining, fascicles lax, peduncles compound; 

 cal. teeth acute ; drape ovate, nutlets 5-ribbed on the back. — ^A tree of middle 

 size, quite generally diffused throughout the IT. S., from Mass. to Ga. and La. 

 It is chiefly interesting for its foliage, which is of an exceedingly rich, shining, 

 perennial green. Fls. in scattered clusters at the base of the new branchlets, 

 and the fertile ones are succeeded by red berries, whieh remain until late in 

 Autumn. Jn, 

 /3. Lvs. mostly entire, a few of them with a single spinous tooth towards the 

 apex. — Macon, Ga., &c. Lvs. exactly oval, very different from I. DaJioon. 



