514 Obbbb 86.— LOGANIACEiE. 



Oepkr LXXXIV. PEDALIACE^. Pedaliads. 



Serbs mostly strong-scented and glandular-hirsute. Stipules 0. Flowers axillary, 

 solitary, large, monopetalous, didynamous, 5-merous, irregular. Ovary 1 to 2-oelled, 

 of 2 carpels. SiyU 1. Stigma divided. Fruit becoming 4 or 6-oelled by the diverg- 

 ing lobes of the 2 placenta. Seeds few or many, large, wingless. ' 



Genera 14. apecies 25, natives of tropical AmericA, etc. Some of tlicm hare been introdaced 

 into the United States. 



TRIBES AND GENERA. 



I. PEDALINE^. Fruit drupe-lilce, fleshy -without, produced into a beak Makttnia. 1 



II. SESAMEjE. Fruit capsular, dry, dehiscent, never beaked Sksamum, 2 



1. MARTYN'IA, L. Unicokn Plant. (In honor of John Martyn, 

 botanical author and professor, Cambridge, Eng., 1760.) Calyx 5-cleft, 

 2 to 3-bracteolate at base ; cor. campanulate, tube gibbous at base, limb 

 5-lobed, unequal ; sta. 5, one rudimentary and sterile, 4 didynamous ; 

 caps, coriaceous, ligneous, 4-celled, 2-valved, each valve terminating in 

 a long, hooked beak. — j) Chiefly southern, branching, viscid-pilous. 

 Lvs. opposite, petiolate, subcordate, roundish. 



1 M. proboscidea Glox. Branches mostly decumbent ; lvs. cordate, entire, sub- 

 orbicular, villous, upper ones alternate ; fls. on long, axillary peduncles ; beaks 

 much longer than the capsule. — A coarse, strong-scented plant, along rivers, fields, 

 etc., S. and "W. States. Stem 1 — 2f long. Leaves paler beneath. Corolla pale, 

 dull yellow, very large, the limb nearly as broad as the leaves, spotted with 

 brownish-purple. Sta. bright yellow, asserted. The curious pods are famished 

 with an incurved horn (2 when the valves separate) abruptly bent at the end into 

 -a very sharp grapplmg hook. 



2 M. ICitea Liudl. With yellow fls. and horns longer than the pod, is some- 

 ttimes cultivated, also M. diandra, with pink fls. spotted with purple, and horns 

 shorter than the pod. 



2. SES'AMUM, L. Oil-seed. Calyx 5-parted ; corolla campanu- 

 late, 3-cleft, the lower lobes the longest; stamens 4, didynamous; 

 stigma lanceolate ; capsule 2-celled, the cells divided by the inflexed 

 edges of the valves. — ® Of India. Lvs. petiolate, the lower opposite, 



' upper alternate. 



S. Indicum DC. Lvs. lanceolate-ovate, lower ones 3-lobed, upper ones un- 

 divided serrate. — Native of B. India. Stem erect, about 18' high. Leaves alter- 

 nate; entire. Flowers axillary, subsessile. Corolla pale purple. The seeds 

 yield an excellent oil which will keep several years without injury. It is used 

 in cookery for all the purposes of sweet oil. Five pounds of the seeds yield 

 about one pound of oil. The leaves are emollient 



Order LXXXV. LOGANIACE^. 



Herbs or shrubs with -opposite leaves, with stipules between the petioles, some- 

 times reduced to an elevated line or ridge. Flowers 4 or 5-parted, monopetalous, 

 regular, sestivatiou various. Ovary superior, style simple, stigmas as many as the 

 cells of the ovary. Fruit capsular or baccate, 2-celled, many-seeded, or a 1 to 2- 

 seeded drupe. Seeds albuminous, mostly winged or peltate. (Pig. 221, 302.) 



Genera 25, species 200, chiefly tropical. 



Properties.— QanemWy poisonous, often possessed of the highest dbgrce of venom. The 

 pervoiling poisonous principle is strydmiii, especially abundant and fatal in the seeds of Stiyeh- 

 nos Kux-voMiioa, an East Indian tree, with small, greenish flowers. 8. toxifera, of Guiana fur- 

 nishes the terrible Woorali, poison for arrows, likewise S. cogens of Central America, 8. Ticuto 

 of Java, yields the celebrated Upas. The species of Bpigella, under the name of Pink-root, are 

 uscdiis a vermifuge, but are dangerous. 



OS*.— This order bftS'been appended to Kublaceie, but Its free ovary is a declalvo mark of dis- 

 'tlsctlon, although otberwise nearly related. 



