Obdeb 99.— OLBAOB^. 5Qt 



much cultivated. The deliciously fragrant oU of Jasmine of the shops is extracted 

 from this plant, f Asia. 



Order XCIX. OLEACEiE. Olives. 



li-ees and shnibs with opposite, simple, sometimes pinnate-leaves, with flowers 4- 

 parted, regular, rarely apetalous, the corolla valvate in the bud. Slarnens 2 to 4, 

 mostly 2, and fewer than the corolla lobes. Ovary 2-ceUed, with 2 suspended ovules 

 m each cell, and fruit fleshy or capsular, seeds 4 (or fewer by abortion), with abun- 

 dant albumen. Fig. 265. 



ffenera 24, species 180,natiTe3 of temperate climates. The ash is very ahundant in N. Amer- 

 ica. The Pbillyreas and the Syringaa are all Oriental. 



Properties. — OUveoil is expressed from the pericarp of the Olive (Olea Europsea). The b.irk 

 of this tree, and also of the ash, is bitter, astringent, and febrifugal. Manna, a sweet, gentle 

 purgative, is the concrete discharge of several species of the Fraxinus, particularly of the Euro- 

 pean F. Ornus. Tho species of the ash are well known for their useful timber. 



TRIBES AND GENEEA. 



I. FRAXINEjE. — Fruit a dry, winged samara. Leaves pinnate Fkaxinus. \ 



II. SYItlNGE^. — Fruit a dry, 2-cened capsule. Leaves mostly simple (a). 



a Calyx persistent ; corolla salver-form cyanic SYarsGA. 3 



a Calyx deciduous ; corolla subcampanulate, yellow Fobstthia. 3 



III. OLEINEjE.— Fruit a fleshy drupe or berry. Corolla present. Leaves simple (b). 



b Corolla lobes long, linear, pendulous, stamens included. CmONAKTnus. 4 



b Corolla lobes short. Stamens included. Fruit a berry LiQusteuu. 5 



b Corolla lobes short. Stamens exserted (c). 



C Style 2-parted. Leaves serrate Osmanthus. 6 



c Style simple. — ^Drupe shell bony. (Panicles axillary) Olea. T 



— Drupo shell papery. Panicles terminal Visiania. 8 



IV. FOEESTIEEE.^. — Fruit a fleshy drupe. Corolla none. Leaves simple ... Fobbstier a. 9 



I. FRAX'INUS, Tourn. (Gr. ^apftf, a separation; from the facility 

 with which the wood splits.) Polygamous or dicecious; calyx 4-toothed, 

 rarely obsolete ; petals 2 or 4, coherent at base, oblong or linear, or al- 

 together wanting ; stamens 2 ; stigma bifid ; samara 2-celled, flattened, 

 winged at apex, cells 2-ovuled, but 1-seeded ; seeds pendulous, com- 

 pressed. — Trees or shrubs, with opposite, odd-pinnato Ivs. and fls. ra- 

 cemed or panicled. American species are all dioecious and apetalous 

 trees. 



g Flowers with a corolla of 4 or 2 white, linear-oblong petals. Cultivated -.No. 3 



'§ Flowers apetalous, polygamous. Leaflets 11 to 13. Cultivated No. T 



§ Flowers apetalous, dicecious. Fruit always -winged at apex (*). 



* Calyx persistent at the teretehase ofthesamarii No. 1 



* Calyx persistent at the narroio.Jiattened base of the 5am.ar.a \os. 2—4 



* Calyx none, tho samara naked at the broad b.ise Nos. 5, 6 



1 F. Americana L. WmiE Ash. Lfts. 1 to 9, petiolulato, ovate or lance-ob- 

 long, acuminate, entire or obscurely subserrate, shining above, glaucous beneath ; 

 petfoles and branchlets terete, smooth; buds yellowish-velvety; panicles com- 

 pound, axillary, loose ; samara linear-oblong, obtuse, narrower and terete at the 

 calyoulate base, seed portion half as long as wing. — ^Woods, Can. to Ga. and La. 

 A forest tree, 40 to 80f high; trunk 2 to 3f diam. Lvs. If long, usually of T 

 smooth lfts., whic^re 3 to 4' by 18'' to 2'. Fruit 13 to 15" by 2 to 2 J''. Apr., 

 May. (P. acuminata Lam. F. epiptera Mx.)— Timber light, tough and strong, 

 much used by carriage-makers, &o. 



2 F. pub^scens "Walt. Red Asn. Lfts. 1 to 9, petiolulate, ovate-lanceolate or 

 elliptic-lanceolate,, acummate, subserrate, veins beneath, petioles and young branches 

 velvety-pubescent; sam'ara narrow-lanceolate, obtuse, the calyoulate base acute, 

 flattish, slightly margined by the decurrent wing.— Swampy or low grounds. Can. 

 and TJ. S. more common in Penn. and Ya. A smaller tree than No. 1, 30 

 to 60f higb but nearly allied to it. Bark deep brown. Lfts. often reddish 



