Obdbr 119.— CUPULI]?EBiE. 645 



oles about 2' long. Cup 6" across, IJ'/ deep. Nut fuscous, with a brown, as- 

 tringent seed. Timber reddisli, coarse-grained. Apr., May. 



0. TMNACRis. Lvs. 3 and 5-lobed, tlie terminal lobe long and narrow-lanceo- 

 late, narrowed to its base ; petioles 3' long. — Large trees at Tallahassee. 



14 Q. tinctoria Bartram. Black Oak. Yellow-babk Oak. Lvs. obovate- 

 oblong, sinuate-lobed or pinnatifld, ptibescent beneath, finally glabrous, lobes oblong, 

 obtuse, muoronate ; cup thick, shallow ; acorn depressed ghbous. — Pound through- 

 out the U. S. It is one of the loftiest trees of the forest, 80 to 90f in height, and 

 4 to 5f diam. Batk deeply furrowed, black or deep brown, yellow within. Lvs. 

 6 to 8' long, broadest toward the end, quite variable, yellowish after frost Acorns 

 lirown, 1" diam., about half covered with the subsessile, scaly cup, which is 9" 

 diam. Bark used in tanning, also yields quercitron, a useful dye. 



15 Q. coocinea Wang. Scablet Oak. Ims. on long petioles, oblong in outline, 

 deeply sinuate-pinnaiifid, smooth and shining both sides, nearly truncate at base, 

 lobes divaricate, dentate, acute; cup turbinate, scaly; acorn short, ovate. — Most 

 abundant in the Middle and Southern States, iDut is often met with in the more 

 southern parts of N. Eng. to 111. It is a large tree, 80f in height, with a diameter 

 of 3 or 4. Leaves of a bright, shining green, with 8 or 4 deep sinuses each side, 

 remarkably rounded and broad at the base. ■ By the frosts of autumn they are 

 changed to scarlet, unlike those of the red oak, which become dull red or brown. 

 Acorns large, similarly rounded at both ends, half immersed in the cup. Bark 

 very thick, used in tanning. 



16 Q. heteroph^lla Ms. Baetram'S Oak. Lvs. on long petioles, coriaceous, 

 ■ oblong or oblong-ovate, round or subcordate at base, margin with a few shaMow, 



tooth-like hbes, or often only warn/, lobes setaceous-acuminate ; acorn subglobous, 

 in a hemispherical cup; scales of the cup oblong-ovate, obtuse. — ^Ohio to lU., rare. 

 Lvs. exceedingly variable, 4 to 6' by IJ to 2', smooth and shining above, tomen- 

 tous along the veins beneath, generally broad and abrupt at base. Fruit 9" diam. 

 (Q. Leana Nutt? Clark.) Our specimens well agree to Miohaux's figure and 

 diaraoter. 



17 Q. 51ba L. 'WniTB Oak. (Fig. 139.) Lvs. short-petioled, cuneate at base, 

 oblong in outline, at length coriaceous and smooth, sinuate-pinnatifid, lobes sviequdl, 

 obtuse ; aoorn sessilo ; nut ovoid or oblong, only a third immersed in the subhemi- 

 spherical, tubercular cup. — U. S. and Can. A tree preeminent among the sons of 

 the forest for grandeur, strength, and usefulness. "With a diameter of 4 to 6f, it 

 attains the height of 10 to 80^ but its magnitude varies greatly with the soil. 

 Lvs. 3 to 5' long, downy beneath when young. Aoorn 8 to 9" long. Bark whit- 

 ish. Timber useful for innumerable purposes, and the bark for tanning and in 

 medicine. May, Jn. 



18 Q. maorooarpa Mx. (Fig. 140, 194.) Los. deeply and lyrately smuaie-lqbed 

 (most deeply in tlie middle), lobes obtuse and repand, upper dilated ; acorn very 

 large, cup very deep, composed of distinctly imbricated and hard-pointed scales, 

 the upper filiform-pointed, /oj-OTmy a ^i«?e; nut globular ovoid, more than half 

 inclosed. — N. Eng. (rare) to 111. and S. States. Tree 60 to 7 Of high, with rich, 

 green foliage. Lvs. downy beneath, at length nearly smooth, 6 to 10 to 15' long, 

 stalks not 1'. Acorns 12 to 15" long, sometimes nearly fringeless or nearly cov- 

 ered. May. (Q. lyrata Mx.) A beautiful tree, with valuable timber. (Also Q. 

 olivseformis Mx.) 



19 Q. obtusiloba Mx. Iron Oak. Ims. deeply sinuate, cuneiform at the base, 

 puibescmt beneath, lobes very obtuse, the 3 vpper ones dilated, each 2-lobed; cup 

 hemispherical ; acorn oval. — ^The iron oak, called also post oak, box white oak, tur- 

 ksy oak, is common in the Mid., W. and S. States, rare in N. Eng. It is a tree of 

 moderate size, with widely spreading and very crooked branches. The bark is 

 grayish-white. Lvs. thick, strongly tomentous beneath, in 4 or 5 lobes, which 

 are sometimes arranged so as to appear cuneiform or stellate. Acorns very sweet. 

 Timber is fine grained, strong, and durable. May. (Q. stellata Willd.) 



20 Q. Prinus "Willd. Swamp Chestnut Oak. Los. on long petioles, obovate, 

 acute, pubescent beneath, with large, somewhat equal, obtuse or rounded teeOi; 

 acorn short-peduncled, large ; cup tubercular, about half inclosing the ovoid nut 

 —This oak is seldom met with in N. Eng., but abounds in the rest of the country. 



