Order 12T.— CONIFERS. 603 



2 T. orient^lis L. Branches erect ; Ivs. sligUly furrowed in the middle, 



cones erect, roumdish or obovoid; scales acute, recwrved or spreading at ilie points 



Cultivated shrubs or small trees much branched. The flattened, fan-shaped rami- 

 fications vertical, not horizontal as in the other, f China. 



5. CUPRES'S'US, Tourn. Cypress. (From the Isle of Cyprus, 

 where the Cypress is very abiindant.) Flowers 8 . — i in an ovoid 

 ament ; anthers 4, sessile at the base of the peltate scales ; ? in a 

 strobile (cone) ; scales peltate, bearing 4 to 8, erect (orthotropous) 

 ovulus at base inside ; seed angular, compressed ; integuments mem- 

 branous ; cotyledons 2 or 3. — ^Trees with evergreen, flat, squamous, im- 

 bricated Ivs. Fertile aments becoming indurated cones. 

 C thyoides Mx. "White Cedar. Brauohlets compressed; Ivs. imbricate in 4 

 rows, ovate, tuberculate at base ; coueS spherical. — TS. Bng. (from "Winehendon 

 ■ Mass.) to G-a. W. to 0. It usually occurs in swamps, which it densely and ex- 

 clusively occupies. Height 40— 60f. The leaves consist of short, minute, ever- 

 green scales, covering the finely divided branchlets, in 4 imbricated rows, and 

 each one furnished with, a minute gland or tubercle on the back. The wood is 

 white, fine-grained, and wonderfully light, soft, and durable. Used in the manu- 

 facture of shingles, pails, fences, &c. Posts made of this cedar it is said will 

 last 50' years. May. 



^ 6. TAXO'DIUffl, Eichard. Bald Cypress. (Gr. rd^og, the yew, 

 hdog, form ; from the resemblance of the foliage.) Flowers 8 . — $ 

 Aments in terminal, panicled spikes ; stamens few, scale-like, peltate, 

 bearing 2 to 5 anther cells. $ Cones sessile in pairs, roundish, placed 

 below the sterile ; scale* numerous, bearing 2 ovules at the base, becom- 

 ing thick, angular, peltate 2-seeded in fruit ; cotylendos 6 to 9. — Trees 

 with deciduous, linear Ivs. arranged in 2 rows. 



T. distychum Rich. Lvs. distyohous ; flat, deciduous with the slender branchlets. 

 — One of the largest trees of the forest, native of N. J. to Mex. It grows in 

 wet soils, forming what is called the cypress or cedar swamps of the S. States. 

 The trunk arises to the height of 125f; with a circumference of 25 to 40f, above 

 the conical base, usually of smaller dimensions. The enormous roots produce 

 large, conical excrescences covered with bark but leafless, 1 to 3f high. -Tl-.o 

 head is wide-spread and often depressed. Foliage light green and open. Cones 

 1' diam., composed of the indurated, combined scales. Timber light, fine-grained 

 and durable, f 



7. JUNIP'ERUS, L. Juniper. (Celtic, juneprus, rough or rude.) 

 Flowers $ $, rarely 8. — 3 Ament ovate; scales vcrticillate, peltate, 

 each with 4 to 7 anther cells at base. 9 Ament globous ; scales few 

 united at base, concave ; ovules 1, rarely more, at the base of each 

 scale ; berry formed of .the enlarged, fleshy scales containing 2 — 3 bony 

 seeds ; cotyledons 2. — Trees or shrubs. Lvs. evergreen, mostly acerous, 

 opposite or in whorls of 3. 



1 J. oommiinis L. Common Juniper. (Pig. IS.'!.) Lvs. temate, spreading sub- 

 ulate, mucronaie, longer than the herry. — Can. to N. J. and Wis. A shrub with 

 numerous, prostrate branches, growing in dry woods and hiUs, often arising in a 

 Blender pyramid, 6 — 8f high (rarely arboreous Robbins). leaves arranged in 

 whorls of 3, 5 — 8" long, acerous-lanceolate, ending in a sharp, bristly point^ chan- 

 neled and glaucous on the midvein above, keeled and green below. Barren flow- 

 ers in small, axillary aments or cones ; fertile ones on a distinct shrub, small, axil- 

 lary, sessile. Berries roundish, oblong, dark blue, ripening the second year from 

 the flower. They are then sweetish, with a tase of turpentine. In medicine they 

 are diuretic and cordial. May. 



2 J. Virginiana. Red Cej>ar. Upper lvs. imiricate in 4:-rows, ovate-lanceolate, 

 pungenUy acute, oppressed, older ones acerous, cuspidate, spreading ; trunk arbora- 



