SUEFACE GEOLOGY. 31 



of twenty have reached a stratum of vegetable matter with leaves, 

 branches, roots, and tree trunks. Many similar cases in the same 

 county. (Orton.) 



7. Clermont and several adjoining counties. Ancient soil above the bowl- 

 der clay, and below the upper Drift deposits. (Orton.) 



8. Germantown, Montgomery County, Ohio. Bed of peat from 12 to 20 

 feet in thickness, the surface covered with sphagnous mosses, grasses, and 

 sedges, and containing quantities of coniferous wood, with twigs, branches, 

 and berries of red cedar ; also, containing bones of elephant and masto- 

 don, and teeth of giant beaver, the whole covered with 90 feet of gravel 

 and sand. (Orton.) 



9. All through South-western Indiana. Ancient soil, with peat, muck, 

 rooted stumps, trunks, branches, and leaves of trees, 2 to 20 feet in thick- 

 ness, 60 to 120 feet below surface, called " Noah's cattle-yards," water 

 of wells spoiled by them. (John Collett.) 



10. Peoria County, Illinois. Drift over Coal Measures ; average thick- 

 ness, 70 feet, consisting of blue clay below 50 feet thick, overlaid by old 

 soil, with cedar timber ; above this, yellow clay and sand 16 to 20 feet 

 thick ; section shown by thirty-nine borings and many wells. (William 

 Chapman.) 



11. Lawrenceburg, Indiana, and many places in Ohio Valley. Old soil, 

 with trunks and roots of trees, the latter in situ, layers of leaves, ripened 

 fruits, grasses, and sedges, all clearly distinguishable. Several of the 

 species of trees and plants can be determined, some by their wood, others 

 by their leaves and fruit. Among them may be named the sycamore 

 beech, shell-bark hickory, buckeye, red cedar, and wild balsam apple, 

 6 feet above low-water mark, and 40 feet below flood plain. (Orton. Vol. 

 I., Part I., p. 427.) 



12. Several Counties in Iowa. An old soil, with buried timber, from 40 

 to 50 feet beneath the surface, struck in sinking wells over several coun- 

 ties. (Morris Miller, in letter.) 



13. Walworth County, Wisconsin. Timber resembling white cedar, from 

 a well 18 feet deep in the prairie region, about 250 feet above Lake Mich- 

 igan. (I. A. Lapham.) 



14. Appleton, Wisconsin. Red cedar in red clay, 18 feet below surface, 

 150 feet above Lake Michigan ; also, white cedar, 30 feet below surface, 

 in red clay. (Dr. C. S. E. Beach, cited by Col. Whittlesey.) 



15. Green Bay, Wisconsin. Apparently willow in red clay, 60 feet 

 below the surface of Lake Michigan. (Col. Whittlesey.) 



16. Iowa City, Iowa. Two logs of resinous timber in a well 60 feet 

 deep on general level of country. (Col. Whittlesey.) 



