SURFACE GEOLOGY. 



45 



For comparison with the above cut, I give herewith a profile section of 

 a kame near Lanark, Scotland, copied from Geikie. 



SECTION OF A KAME. LANARK, SCOTLAND. 



Gravel and sand. ("Geikie's "Ico Age," p. 213.) 



The character of the kames on the divide in Auglaize and Mercer 

 counties will be seen from the following description, taken from the 

 full and carefully prep ired notes furnished me by Prof. N. H. Winchell. 

 Speaking of the St. John's ridge, he says : 



"At the village of St. John's, in Auglaize county, it has its most marked develop- 

 ment. It consists there of a series of gravel knolls and short subordinate ridges, 

 whose height above the intervening valleys is, in some cases, over 95 feet. The sur- 

 face to the east or west (the trend of the gravel belt being north-east and south-west) 

 becomes an almost unbroken flat within a half mile either way, while in the direc- 

 tion of the ridge this broken character of the surface prevails. This ridge is some- 

 times nearly a mile across. The contents of these knolls and subordinate riages, 

 wherever seen, are always gravel and sand, in glacial stratification (i. e., in inclined 

 and interlocked wedges). Some beds also consist almost entirely of rounded stones, 

 of three to six inches in diameter. In excavating for gravel, bowlders of several 

 hundred pounds weight have also been occasionally taken out of these banks, and 

 such bowlders are sometimes seen perched on the tops of them. About a mile and a 

 half south-west of Westminster, in Allen county, is one of the most remarkable of 

 these subordinate ridges. It has the local name of the 'Devil's Back- bone,' and its 



SECTION FROM GRAVEL KNOLL AT ST. JOHN'S, AUGLAIZE COUNTY. (Winchell.) 



1. Coarse and fine gravel, -with a distinct, yet imperfect, assortment in horizontal beds, 15 feet. 2. Gravel 

 in layers, inclined at an angle of 70°. 3. Unassorted gravel and sand. 4. Coarse gravel, -with some stones. 

 5. Sand in layers, inclined at angle of 70°. 6. Stones, the interstices filled with gravel. 7. Concealed. 



length north and south is about half a mile. At its northern extremity it consists 

 entirely of sand and gravel in glacial stratification, but toward the north and east it 



