THE CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM. 97 



Vista flagging, is largely used and highly esteemed in the eastern cities. 

 Here, as in the northern part of the State, the sandstone overlying the 

 Cleveland shale is impregnated with petroleum derived from that car- 

 bonaceous mass. The collection of fossil fishes made from the Cleveland 

 shale at Fairview, Kentucky, by Capt. James Patterson, has been 

 already alluded to; further north, in Fairfield, Hocking county, the 

 upper Waverly is composed of layers of fine-grained, buff sandstone, to 

 which Prof. Andrews has given the name of Logan sandstone. Below 

 this is a great mass of coarse sandstones and conglomerates, with alter- 

 nations of finer material. In some places nearly the entire formation is 

 coarse, and the beds of conglomerate rival in their massive character 

 the true Conglomerate. These Waverly conglomerates are traceable 

 north through Licking and into Knox county. Near Newark the cliffs 

 at the narrows of the Black Hand are composed of Waverly conglom- 

 erate. In the valley of the Mohican, in Knox county, conglomerate 

 beds are seen 220 feet below the top of the Waverly formation. The 

 associated strata here are mainly blue, sandy shales, which weather yel- 

 low and ochery. This is the prevailing complexion of the Waverly 

 group in the central part of the State. The Waverly conglomerate also 

 appears at various points in Morrow and Richland counties — at Mt. Gil- 

 ead, Richland Station, etc. — but it has not been recognized further north- 

 ward. In passing from the south northward the red shale (Bedford 

 shale), which is such a marked element in the Waverly of the counties 

 bordering on the Lake, is first seen at Harlem, on Walnut creek, in Del- 

 aware county. The section at this point is as follows : 



1. Yellow and gray sandstones 10 feet. 



2. Gray sandy shale, with fucoids 16 " 



3. Red shale 15 " 



4. Blackshale 60 " 



The following list includes all the known fishes and plants, with the 

 most characteristic mollusks and radiates, of the Waverly. A more com- 

 plete enumeration of the Waverly fossils will be given in the palseonto- 

 logical portion of this Report : 



FOSSILS OF THE WAVERLY GROUP. 



PLANTS. 



Annularia longifolia ". Brong.. 



Lepidodendron Veltheimianum Sternb. 



Spirophyton crassum Hall. 



S. pectinatum Newb. 



S. vesiculosum " 



Dictyophyton Newberryi Hall.. 



D. Redfleldi " 



7 



