158 



GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 



No. 1, which in Scioto, Columbiana, Jefferson, Tuscarawas, and Summit 

 rival the coal seams in economic value, and supply the materials by 

 which great industries are sustained. It will be noticed also that none 

 of the upper coals, so far as yet examined, are open-burning, and capable 

 of use in the raw state as furnace fuels. In one respect only can supe- 

 riority be claimed for the Upper Coal Measures over the Lower, and that 

 is, in their hydraulic lime. As has been before mentioned, some of the 

 limestones of the lower group occasionally become earthy, and are capa- 

 ble of furnishing hydraulic lime of fair quality. The locks of the Sandy 

 and Beaver Canal were laid up with cement manufactured from one of 

 the lower limestones. In the Upper Coal Measures, however, under Coal 

 No. 9, is a stratum of hydraulic limestone, from which is manufactured 

 a large amount of cement, proved by ample tests to be fully equal in 

 quality to any other made in this country. 



The following section of the Upper Coal Measures, as they appear along 

 the Ohio, has been prepared at my request by Prof. Stevenson : 



SECTION OF THE UPPER COAL AND BARREN MEASURES. 



No. 



36 

 35 

 34 

 33 

 32 

 31 

 30 

 29 

 28 

 27 

 26 

 25 

 24 

 23 

 22 

 21 

 20 

 19 

 18 

 17 

 16 

 15 

 14 

 13 

 12 

 11 

 10 



Strata. 



Limestone 



Sandstone 



Coal No. 13 



Sandstone and shale 



Coal No. 12 



Sandstone and shale 



CoalNo. 11 (Waynesburg) 



Fire-clay 



Sandstone and shale 



Limestone 



Sandstone 



Coal No. 10 



Fire-clay 



Sandstone 



Coal No. 9 



Fire-clay 



Limestone 



Black shale 



Coal No. 8 (Pittsburgh, H) 



Fire-clay ] td 



Limestone 



Shale and sandstone. 



Shale 



Crinoidal limestone.. 



Shale 



Coal No. 7b (G) 



Fire-clay 



Feet. 



7 



40 



1 to 2 



70 



1 to 6 

 20 to 40 

 ljto 4 



1 

 50 



6 

 45 



3 to 6 



3 



35 to 40 



2* 



i 

 30 to 70 



2 to 10 



4 to 8 



3 



4 to 30 



110 



5 to 10 

 2 to 8 

 1 to 17 

 i to 4 



2 



No. 



Strata. 



Shale and sandstone. 



Shale 



Coal No. la 



Fire-clay 



Sandstone and shale. 



CoalNo. 7 (F) 



Fire-clay 



Limestone 



Mahoning sandstone 



In Belmont county the 

 section between coals Nos. 

 8 and 9 diners somewhat 

 from the above, owing to 

 intercalated beds, and is 

 as follows : 



Coal No. 9 



Limestone 



CoalNo. 8c 



Fire-clay 



Sandstone 



Coal No. 8b, with shale 



(Sewickley) 



Limestone 



Coal No. 8a (Bedstone) 



Limestone 



Shales 



Coal No. 8 (Pittsburgh) ... 



Feet. 



to 100 



to 10 



to 6 



1 



50 

 5 

 3 

 to 10 



to 



to 



70 

 4 

 2 

 to 35 



1 

 20 



u 



25 

 5 



Coal No. 8. 

 Coal No. 8, or the Pittsburgh seam, enters Ohio in Jefferson county, 

 where it caps the hills north and west of Steubenville, about 500 feet 



