MOREOW COUNTY. 261 



No. 3 is somewhat thinner here than in the section at Iberia and in 

 those in Crawford county. 



No. 4 is not regular in the alternation of beds, nor in its horizon of 

 contact with No. 3. Beds of sandstone sometimes occur below the hori- 

 zon of separation here adopted. The most of the material is sandstone. 

 The shale glistens as if with mica, and the surface is soapy and shining 

 when dry. It is appropriately but not correctly called ' : soapstone" by 

 the quarrymen. 



No. 5 graduates below into a blackish slate, which crumbles and be- 

 comes blue, making a blue marl. This member is not well seen here. 

 No red shale can he seen, nor any indications of it. 



No. 4 contains various mud-markings and irony concretions, many of 

 which have a deceitful resemblance to fossil remains. The irony nodules, 

 or concretions, have often a marl ball within a scale of one-fourth inch 

 of real iron. Some deposits appear like real htematite iron ore. There 

 are also calcareous concretions, or irregular masses of more calcareous 

 shale or rock, which are hard and firm, of a blue color, and contain iron 

 pyrites. They seem to be of the same nature and origin as the silicious 

 limestone of Mandeville's quarry (N. E. J section 13, North Bloomfield), 

 but less abundant here. 



Calcareous and chaly heated waters issue from springs along the banks, 

 and make copious deposits of their carbonates on the face of the bluffs. 



Quarries are owned at Mt. Gilead by Charles Russel, George Wieland, 

 and by Smith Thomas. 



About three and a half miles south-east from Cardington, in Lincoln 

 township, occur several quarries on the horizon of the Berea grit, the 

 exposures being caused by the upper forks of Alum Creek. They all lie 

 within the area of a square mile, and are owned by T>. M. Mosher, David 

 Steiner, Morgan B. Brooks, and Corwin C'onard. The beds are about 

 horizontal, or show a gentle dip east. The section at Mosher's quarry is 

 as follows, in descending order : 



No. 1. Hard-pan Drift 8 to 10 feet. 



" 2. Flagging 4 to 5 " 



" 3. Heavy stone 7 to 8 " 



" 4. Shale and thin stone (seen) 1 foot. 



Mr. Steiner's quarry shows a singular fault or variation of bedding 

 An oblique seam crosses the face of the exposure, and on the freshly 

 quarried edges the bedding is very evident. On one side of the seam, 

 which may be called the lower side, the beds are nearlj' all thick, run- 

 ning from five to eight inches above, and reaching twelve inches below. 

 These thick beds terminate on reaching the seam or joint, their ends 



