282 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 



north-west corner of Porter township Mr. Seymour Chambers owns a 

 small opening in beds that belong to the Berea. The quarry is in the 

 left bank of Walnut Creek, and shows five feet of beds that are from 

 two to three inches in thickness. In the N. E. \ section 4, Kingston, 

 Mr. James Stark has opened the Berea along the Little Walnut. The 

 beds are thin, varying from two to four inches. 



In general, the Berea grit in Delaware county is a yery excellent stone 

 for all purposes of building, and is very extensively wrought at Sunbury. 

 It appears, however, to be of a finer grain than in the northern part of 

 the State, and the massive beds that characterize it in Lorain county 

 are entirely wanting. 



Cleveland Shale. — The Bedford shale, which occurs below the Berea in 

 the northern part of the State, seems not to exist in Delaware county. 

 The Cleveland, likewise, has not been certainly identified. This is 

 partly owing to the meagerness of the exposure of the beds of that hori- 

 zon in Delaware county, and partly to the difficulty of distinguishing, 

 without fossils, the Cleveland from the black slate (Huron shale). This 

 uncertainty is augmented by the attenuation or non-existence of the 

 Erie shale, which separates them by a wide interval in the northern 

 part of the State. There are a few exposures of black or blackish shale 

 in the banks of Walnut Creek in Berkshire township that may be 

 referred to the Cleveland. 



This stratigraphical horizon is also exposed below Mr. James Stark's 

 quarry, on section 4, in Kingston township, near a saw-mill. Fragments 

 of sandstone and of silicious limestone are strewn along the bed of the 

 creek, mingled with northern bowlders. The limestone bed from which 

 these fragments were derived was met in digging for the foundations of 

 the mill. It is in a single bed, and is comparable to that which occurs 

 at South Woodbury, in Morrow county. It is here, however, five to eight 

 inches thick, and is said to be inclosed in the shale. The shale is blue, 

 varying to purplish, through the presence of bituminous matter. It 

 crumbles under the weather. Passing from the mill, a few rods down 

 the creek there are seen two beds of this limestone, the upper about one 

 and a half inches in thickness and the other about three inches. They 

 are separated by four inches of shale, and have a coarse-grained, rusty 

 coating, as at Mandeville's quarry in North Bloomfield, Morrow county. 



Huron Shale.— This shale has a full development in Delaware county. 

 Its outcropping belt is from eight to ten miles wide, and is divided by 

 Alum Creek into about equal parts. It graduates downward into a shale 

 which is much less bituminous and has a bluish color, and which lies 

 directly on the blue limestone quarried at Delaware. It has occasional 



