361 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 



section 26, on land of William C. Needle and of Daniel Cornwall ; N. E. £ 

 section 36, on Abram Spangler's land; S. E. £ section 25, on Peter Help- 

 man's land ; S. W. J section 25, on George Rheter's land ; section 2, 

 quarry of Philip Powell; S. W. £ section 1, quarry of D. Powell; N. E. £ 

 section 11, land of James Teatsworth, Sen. 



In Orange township there are quarries in the Waterlime N. E. \ sec- 

 tion 20, by Mr. A. H. Thompson, and N. W. £ section 7, in the bed of 

 Reilly Creek, by William H. Ewing. 



In the township of Portage, section 15, are the quarries of Mr. Jacob 

 Kempfer and of Mr. Samuel Kalb. These are located along the north 

 slope of the Leipsic Ridge, and probably owe their existence to the de- 

 nuding action of the waves of Lake Erie, of the former presence of 

 which in the northern portion of the county there are some indications, 

 as already remarked in the chapter on the Drift in North-western Ohio. 

 These quarries supply a wide range of country with quicklime and 

 stone for foundations and bridge abutments. The beds are thin and 

 often bituminous, with frequent films, their average thickness being be- 

 tween two and three inches; exposure six to ten feet; dip west. 



The Drift consists of brown and blue hard-pan, the former furnishing 

 the soil, except where it is covered with later alluvial or paludine accu- 

 mulations, and extending downward from ten to twelve feet. The thick- 

 ness of this deposit cannot be certainly stated. It is noticeably thinner 

 in the southern part of the county than in the northern. South of the 

 Van Wert Ridge its thickness would probably not exceed twenty-five 

 feet. It lies vtry evenly, shows no denudation except such as may be 

 due to the present streams, and in some cases does not conceal the irregu- 

 larities in the rocky surface below. Such irregularities, when figured in 

 the form of ridges disclosing the rock, immediately recall the "limestone 

 ridges " of the " Lacustrine region," so common in counties further north. 

 The similarity of the two extends no further than the name. In exter- 

 nal aspects the Drift phenomena here are the same as already described 

 in connection with the ridges near Carey, in Wyandot county, excepting 

 the feebler scale on which they are here exhibited. The ridges are 

 much smaller, and the ascents are more gradual. The rock is rarely 

 seen laid bare by the washing off of the Drift deposits. Quarries in 

 these ridges are almost invariably located along some small ravine which 

 has been excavated by the wash of the hill-side, and are usually near the 

 base of the ridge or on the slope, the whole being evenly covered with 

 Drift. No sand banks are accumulated on these ridges, however high 

 they rise, and no bowlders are scattered in bands about their bases, or 

 bestrew their surfaces. They are not noticeably more frequent than in 



