484 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 



This is a double carbonate of lime and magnesia, With such proportions 

 of silica and alumina as would indicate some value as a waterlime. It 

 is worthy of practical investigation. The most important seam of coal 

 in Salem township is the upper one, which is here locally called 'the 

 "sandstone seam," because of the heavy sandstone generally found above 

 it. This sandrock is not entirely persistent, for in some places it does 

 not appear, at least not in a heavy body. This seam of coal is one of 

 wide extent, being found in a large number of counties in the Second 

 Geological District. Its place is generally from eighty-five to one hun- 

 dred feet above the Pomeroy seam. It has no better development than 

 on the waters of Duck Creek. It has already been referred to as the 

 Bear Creek seam of coal. There the coal, in all its physical structure, is 

 somewhat different from that of the coal of the same seam on the East 

 Fork of Duck Creek, and oh the West Fork at Macksburg, Newburg, etc. 

 This is due to the different conditions under which the coal was depos- 

 ited. The same seam shows much the same characteristics on the farm 

 of Samuel J. Hazen, near the head of Whipple's Branch of Pigeon Eun. 

 The coal here is four feet thick, with three inches of black slate under it 

 and ten inches of similar slate over it. Above the latter slate is a mass 

 of blue clay mottled with red. Here no heavy sandrock appears over 

 the coal. In former years considerable coal from the Hazen bank was 

 taken by wagons to Marietta. " It has a pretty large percentage of ash, 

 but in other respects is a good coal. To the north the seam may be 

 traced, in varying thickness, to the north line of this township. Its 

 finest development is probably on the East Fork and in the hills be- 

 tween the two forks. I have seen few openings on the lower part of the 

 West Fork, but where I have found the coal it is thinner ; but it thick- 

 ens again in Aurelius and to the north. The coal is well seen on the 

 farm of Vincent Payne, on Coal Run Branch of Pawpaw Creek, where 

 the seam presents the following structure : 



Coal, upper bench 2 ft. 6 in. 



Clay parting " 11 " 



Coal, lower bench 3 " 7 " 



Making a total of coal of six feet one inch. A sample of this coal was 

 analyzed by Prof. Wormley, but I think it not a fair representative sam- 

 ple, from the exceptionally large ash. The coal was dried at 212°, and 

 no record is given of the loss of moisture : 



Specific gravity 1.352 



Ash : ~Vm 



Volatile matter 37.50 



Fixed carbon 49.55 



Total 100.00 



Sulphur 3.26 



