WASHINGTON COUNTY. 497 



county is found further down the creek, and probably continues through 

 Marietta township, it being, possibly, the seam found on the county 

 infirmary farm. While there are, then, eastern and western dips, there 

 is also the marked northern dip already referred to. If we stand on 

 the hill on the south side of Cow Run, in the center of the uplift, we 

 find by leveling across to the north side, a distance of about a quarter of 

 a mile, that the corresponding strata — the buff limestone, for example — 

 are forty feet lower on the north than on the south side. Hence the 

 axis of the arch of the uplift dips rapidly northward, and of course the 

 arch soon flattens down and is lost in small undulations, generally too 

 small to be easily detected. The arch also, doubtless, flattens down to 

 the south, for on Eight-Mile Run, so far as I have examined, the anti- 

 clinal is not very strongly marked, and all efforts to obtain oil there in 

 any considerable quantity have failed. The following is a record of 

 strata in a well — the Greenback well — bored by Messrs. Curtiss and Min- 

 shall within the Cow Run uplift. The top of the well is about one 

 hundred and forty feet below the Pomeroy seam of coal : 



Ft. In. 



1. Alluvial 22 



2. Red and blue shales 74 



3. Fossiliferous limestone 1 6 



4. Yellow shale 18 



5. Coal (no measurement). 



6. Notgiven 20 



7. First sandrock, oil rock of Newton well 30 



8. Clay ("mud rock"), with nodular iron ore 4 



9. Not known in detail, thin coal near the bottom 377 



10. Sandrock ("cap rock"), with black grains 30 



11. Sandrock, second oil rock 100 



12. Sandy shale, dark colored 30 



13. Shales and sandstones 125 



14. Black bituminous layer, thin. 



15. Shales and sandstones 130 



16. Fine white sandrock 33 



' 17. Conglomerate, pebbly white quartz 22 



The oil has been chiefly derived from the two sandrocks, Nos. 7 and 11. 

 The Newton well— the first one bored on Cow Run— obtained its oil from a 

 fissure in the first sandrock, while many more recent wells extend down 

 to the lower sandstone. The oil is found in fissures, and these fissures in 

 our oil fields of Ohio and West Virginia are to be found along anticlinal 

 lines. Not at all points within the uplift, or " break," do we find oil. 

 There are many dry wells where oil was most confidently expected. 

 But generally, at Cow Run, while_one is not sure in the most promising 

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