512 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 



There is in this township, as in others to the north and north-west, con- 

 siderable limestone in the hills, giving fertility to the soil. The coal 

 of the Cumberland seam is found throughout this township, but it is not 

 generally as thick as at points farther east. It is, however, well devel- 

 oped in some portions of the township. Going west or south-west from 

 Newburg, we find the summit at the cross-roads about three hundred 

 and seventy-five feet, by barometer, above the level of the Duck Creek 

 bridge. A geological section in that neighborhood gives the following 

 strata : 



It. In. 



1. Summit at cross-roads. 



2. Not exposed 67 



3. Limestone, with one layer of porous, buff color 6 



4. Sandstones and shales 53 



5. Coal, Cumberland seam 4 



6. Clay, " 2 



7. Coal " 3 6 



8. Sandstones and shales 70 



9. Limestone group, partly buff (not measured). 



The place of the Pittsburgh, or Pomeroy seam of coal, is below the 

 limestone group — No. 9 of the section — but no trace of it was there seen. 

 The Cumberland seam has been opened on the land of John McGuire, 

 who, at the time of my visit, some years since, was mining about two 

 hundred bushels a day for the supply of oil and salt works in the valley.' 

 At Kieth's Mills, section 18, the coal is found to have rapidly dipped to 

 the south and south-west. Here the coal is, three and a half feet thick, 

 and about forty feet above the bed of Olive Green Creek. Twenty-four 

 feet above the coal, three feet of buff limestone were seen. The coal is 

 mined to a considerable extent for local use. On the land of William 

 Taylor, section 15, the coal is six feet two inches, a fine development. 

 On Big Run, six miles above its mouth, Jacob Cassel has obtained coal 

 by stripping, and reports it from five to six feet thick. Further down, 

 on section 26, the coal is only three feet to three and a half feet thick. 

 The dip of the coal is about equal to the fall of the stream from Mr. Cas- 

 sel's down to its mouth. About two miles above the Muskingum the 

 limestones over the coal mostly disappear, and are replaced by a heavy 

 sandrock. 



OLIVE TOWNSHIP. 



This township lies north of Jackson and east of Sharon. It is trav- 

 ersed by Duck Creek, and contains a large area of rich valley land. Cald- 

 well, the county seat, is near the northern line of the township. The 

 Cumberland seam of coal is found on all the high hills, but generally 

 somewhat remote from the valley of Duck Creek. 



