514 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 



Olive township, it having dipped below the surface. It is brought to the 

 surface again in the center of the Newell's Run uplift, in Newport town- 

 ship, Washington county. It has a very wide range through the Second 

 Geological District. There are two seams of coal which often accompany 

 it, one a little above and the other a little below. Sometimes we find 

 only one of these, but the regularity of the limestone and its parallelism 

 with the leading' seams of coal in the district are to be attributed to its 

 relation to these two proximate seams of coal. Its regular position in 

 the stratigraphical series is rather a borrowed one from the seams of coal. 

 Being thus regular it forms a good datum line for stratigraphical meas- 

 urements. 



This limestone is seen at many points in the valleys in Olive town- 

 ship. A mile, perhaps, east of Caldwell it is in a double form, as follows : 



Ft. In. 



1. Shale 6 



2. Gray fossiliferous limestone 10 



3. Sandstone 10 



4. Blue clay shale 1 3 



5. Blue fossiliferous limestone 8 



6. Blue calcareous shale 6 



7. Coal 4 



8. Underclay 2 



Below Caldwell comes in a stratum of sandrock ten feet thick, which 

 is quarried for building purposes. This is below the limestone. In the 

 bank of a stream west of Caldwell, on the farm of Hon. A. Simmons, we 

 find some limestones and shales, with a little iron ore. The section is 

 as follows : 



Ft. In. 



1. Limestone, with interstratifled clays 12 



2. Bed clay shale 9 



3. Nodular siderite ore 4 



4. Beddish clay shale, with scattered nodules of ore 10 



Bed of stream. 



Nothing was seen in this township of the Pomeroy seam of coal, the 

 jplace of which is about ninety feet below the Cumberland seam. 



At the village of Olive a salt well was bored in 1814, which, in its out- 

 bursts of gas and outflow of petroleum, presented phenomena of great 

 interest, attracting no little attention. Dr. Hildreth, in the Geological 

 Report for 1838, writes that " the discharges of gas are tremendous, throw- 

 ing the water all out of the well to the height of thirty or forty feet. 

 These eruptions are attended by a flow of petroleum, which for the first 

 few years amounted to from thirty to sixty gallons at each paroxysm, 

 .and returning at intervals of from two to four days. They are now less 



