518 GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 



It must be remembered that the larger part of the coal of the world is 

 mined by means of shafts, sunk, often, to great depths. Here the sinking 

 of shafts would involve comparatively little expense, and the coal could 

 be brought to the surface directly upon the railroad. All the land would 

 be underlain by the coal, thus saving a large area of coal which, when 

 coal seams are in the hills, is lost from the erosion of the valleys. 



SENECA TOWNSHIP. 



This township of excellent land is situated in the northern part of the 

 county, having Wayne township on the north and Buffalo on the west. 

 Its north-west corner touches Guernsey county. It is drained by Wills 

 Creek and its branches. A geological section was taken two miles west 

 of Mt. Ephraim, which revealed the position of the coals and limestones. 

 In no case were the coal seams opened so as to admit of measurement. 

 The section is as follows : 



Ft. In. 



1. Group of limestones 30 



2. Notexposed 72 



3. Blossom of coal (Cumberland seam). 



4. Notexposed 4 



5. Limestone 2 



6. Notexposed 18 



7. Coal, not opened (10 inches seen) 10 ? 



8. Notexposed 60 



9. Dark blue limestone, laminated, containing small bivalve shells 



and coal plants 1 6 



10. Not exposed 18 



11. Blossom of coal. 



12. Notexposed 75 



13. Fossiliferous limestone 1 



14. Notexposed 17 



15. Limestone, bluish 1 



16. Not seen 46 



17. Fossiliferous limestone (Ames or Salesville seam) 2 



(Map XII., No. 3.) 



In section 33, in this township, the following section was taken : 



It. In. 



1. Hard sandstone 13 



2. Blossom of coal. 



3. Underclay 5 



4. Limestone 1 6 



5. Not seen 4 



6. Limestone and clay 7 



7. Clay 6 



8. Limestone 1 



9. Notseen 9 



10. Limestone 8 



