632 



GEOLOGY OF OHIO. 



In Jackson township coal has been taken out at several points for 

 family or neighborhood use, and the seam has been marked at many 

 points where it has not yet been opened. One of the best known open- 

 ings is at Johnson's bank, in section 31. The seam here has a thickness 

 of twenty-five inches. It rests on conglomerate, from which it is sepa- 

 rated by a thin sheet, of fire-clay, and is overlain by a heavy ledge of the 

 same material. The seam is also shown in precisely similar relations on 

 the land of Isaac Wickline, in section 22. 



The coal taken out from Johnson's bank has a fair local reputation, 

 and has been used by blacksmiths in the neighborhood with satisfaction. 

 It strongly resembles, in physical characteristics, the Jackson shaft coal, 

 and the following analysis by Prof. Wormley shows it to agree quite 

 closely with that excellent seam in chemical composition. Analyses are 

 also introduced here of several of the coals, above referred to, that con- 

 nect the Pike county seam with the Jackson Court House mines. Down- 

 ard's bank has an excellent local reputation. Whaley's bank is not now 

 open. Callahan's bank yields a coal not inferior in any respect — at least 

 as far as purity is concerned — to the best coal of Jackson county. The 

 analysis of the shaft coal is added, to give opportunity for comparison : 



Johnson's. Downard's. Callahan's. Shaft coal 



Specific gravity 1.313 1.323 1.295 1.267 



Moisture 6.40 7.70 8.00 7.50 



Ash 4.70 6.50 3.10 4.10 



Volatile combustible matter ... 33.60 29.30 26.30 30.90 



Fixed carbon 55.30 56.50 62.30 57.50 



100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 



Sulphur 0.57 1.09 0.57 0.74 



Sulphur left in coke 0.38 0.52' 0.21 0.22 



Sulphur forming per cent, of 



coke 0.63 0.82 0.32 0.34 



Gas per lb. in cubic feet 3.64 3.82 3.80 2.51 



Ash : Yellow Yellow Yellow 



Coke Pulverulent Pulverulent Pulverulent 



No coal has yet been found in Beaver township. The great amount 

 of rock removed in the formation of the broad trough of Beaver valley 

 might account in part for its absence ; but there are reasons for believing 

 that the conglomerate extended to the eastward in a promontory through 

 Beaver township, Pike county, and Liberty township, Jackson county, 

 separating two westward extensions of the coal fields— the first of which 

 has already been noticed, and the second of which comes to view in the 



