THE GRAPE VINE. 55 



amount of pipes for heating it should not he less than 

 six rows of 4-inch pipes the whole length of the house 

 and round both ends, besides a steaming-tray. The 

 whole of the inside wood-work and back wall should 

 be white, so as to reflect as much light as possible 

 on the tender growths of the vine. Eeference to the 

 engraving shows the arrangement of the drainage and 

 depth of soil as referred to under the head of " Border- 

 making." 



In forcing that has to commence in any of the 

 ■winter months, there can be no doubt that artificial 

 heat judiciously applied by hot-water pipes to the soil 

 from beneath is a great advantage. In arranging for 

 this the pipes should be immediately over the concrete, 

 and covered over in a shallow chamber by pavement, 

 and the drainage placed over the pavement ; or the 

 pipes may be surrounded with an open or honey- 

 combed brickwork drain, which drain can be con- 

 nected with similar open drains running right and 

 left among the open rubble, of which the drainage is 

 composed. A border 24 feet wide should have four 

 rows of hot- water pipes running underneath it. 



The ventilation, especially of vineries where early 

 forcing is carried on, is of very great importance ; for 

 it is, especially in these days of large panes of glass 

 and close laps, highly desirable to keep the air 

 fresh, and constantly renewed. The ingress of cold 

 currents of air is most objectionable ; it is therefore 

 necessary to heat it before it enters the body of the 

 vinery and plays on the tender foliage and fruit. 

 Many ways have been recommended to effect this end ; 

 but the best way is that invented by William Thom- 

 son, and illustrated by him in his 'Treatise on the 

 •Vine.' It is termed t^ie "hot-air ventilator," and con- 



