13 



and the main growths must be pinched back when they have reached 

 eighteen inches to two feet in length. This process not only 

 strengthens the growth, but to a large extent affords protection against 

 high winds. 



It may be said on the whole that the above method is more 

 generally used in South Africa than any other; the sole disadvantage 

 in its use is that it takes more time than does 



Fig. 5. — Tree beheaded for working over. 



Budding into the Old Wood. — This practice is carried out on lines 

 somewhat similar to that just described. Objections have been raised 

 that in some old trees the bark is so thick that it is most difficult to 

 insert buds at all. This may be overcome by whittling tJie bark round 



