BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER. 273 



of the female are similar, but generally more obscure, al- 

 though I have seen her almost as fine as the male. 



This Warbler is always to be associated with evergreen 

 groves and forests. In New England it is found among 

 the pines, here among the cedars and hemlocks. As its 

 nest is placed well up in the almost impenetrable thickets 

 of these branches, it is exceedingly difficult to find. In 

 this (Tonawanda) swamp, where the bird resides in abund- 

 ance throughout the summer, I have searched for its nest 

 days at a time, lying on the ground and watching the birds 

 in all their movements, and then climbing into the trees 

 and continuing to observe them while they kept up their 

 flitting motions and their song, almost constantly through- 

 out the day, and even into the dusk of the evening; but 

 never did I succeed in finding the nest in this locality. On 

 the 17th of last June (1881), at the foot of the Lecloche 

 Mountains, just north of Great Manitoulin Island, on the 

 Georgian Bay, I finally found the nest. About half a mile 

 from the bay, where the rushing waters of Li cloche Creek 

 left a lake in the mountains for this grand outlet, I had dis- 

 covered the Warblers to be very numerous — the Black- 

 throated Blue, the Yellow-rump or Myrtle Bird, the Yellow- 

 backed Blue, the Black -and -yellow or Spotted, the 

 Chestnut-sided, and I think I also heard the Black-poll 

 Warbler. But so tormentingly numerous were the black 

 flies, mosquitoes, and gnats, or " no-see-umt," as the Indi- 

 ans call them, that to remain there for observation was 

 unendurable. Again and again did I apply the olive oil 

 and tar, so highly recommended as a preventive of this 

 nuisance, but it relieved me only a little longer than while 

 I was rubbing it on. Noticing that the Indians in my 

 vicinity made their half-open wigwams apparently free 

 from these vermin by a smudge in front, or to the wind- 

 18 



