124 



THE BOOK OF BUTTER 



tlian luimnn power. Tlicy tied the skin to a horse's tail 

 and then it was flragged ()\er ront^h <;riiund with sufficient 

 speed to ehiini the mill-;. Tliis form of churn is still 

 foujid in many oriental countries. Following the skin 

 churn came the many t>'pcs of small wooden churns. 

 Some of tlicsc hand macliincs were in the shape of a 

 barrel, which was revolved to produce agitation. Others 



Fl<;. 43 



A frw of till' iii:iu,\- ty|)cs i)f hand churns. 



were made with paddles or dasliers. There are many 

 small egg-heater and creani-wlii])])ing t^'pes of churns 

 which collect the fat in a few minutes. These churns are 

 not satisfactory fr(jm the standpoint of efficiency of churn- 

 ing and of j)roducing good hutter. A few of the types of 

 churns cm])l(jyed on the farms may be seen in Fig. 43. 



94. Large churns. — The first large churn was the box 

 type. When this came into use, the mechanical worker 

 became necessary, for there was too much butter to work 

 by hand. Tlie need for a more con\'cnient, sanitary, and 

 faster method of churning and working butter was felt 

 as the industry de\elo]jed. In approximately 1S50, 



