216 



MANUAL OF FARM ANIMALS 



as unavoidable and is attributed to the worry of the stock by 

 flies. This conclusion is not borne out by the experimental data 

 available. Many experiments have been conducted to deter- 

 mine to what extent the worry caused by the flies affects the yield 

 of milk and fat. In these experiments the flies were excluded 

 from the animals at intervals and a careful record kept of the 

 production. These records show that the flies had very little if 

 any effect upon the yield either of milk or fat. The failure to 

 provide an abundance of succulent forage to supplement the • 

 parched pastures, thus compelling the animals to graze over 

 large areas in the hot sun, seems to be the principal factor in 

 causing a decreased production in the later summer. 



Winter feeding of dairy cattle. — Winter feeding is the most 

 expensive, and the profit to be derived from a dairy cow will 

 depend, in a large, part, upon the economy of the winter ration. 

 This does not mean that she should be fed sparingly ; on the 

 other hand, the good dairy cow should be fed abundantly 

 with a variety of nutritious feeds. Feed a variety whenever 

 possible. A good dairy cow should make economical use of 



seven to ten pounds of grain 

 mKt§JKBM^W'ji^^i? P^r day, and fifteen to twenty 

 J^K^W^^^^^M-^M^S^ pounds of dry forage, or better 

 : l|^ W^^^^l/f^ still, thirty to forty pounds of 



succulent food and five to ten 

 pounds of dry forage or hay, 

 the exact amounts to be varied 

 to meet conditions. 



Grain, or concentrated feeds. 

 - The more common grains fed 

 to dairy cattle are the cereals 

 — corn, oats, wheat, barley, and rye — and the mill refuse, of 

 which there is an almost endless variety upon the market. 

 The amount of grain that can be fed with profit to a dairy 

 cow will depend on the price of the food, the yield of the cow, 



Fio. 74. — Holstein-Fkiesian Cow 

 "Daisy Pauline Paul 2nd." 

 Owned by John Arfman. 



