CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF BEEF CATTLE 329 



cattle do not need much water at such times. This is a mis- 

 taken idea, as fattening cattle need a liberal supply of fresh 

 water at aU times, even though they will not consume as much 

 as in the hot, dry weather of mid-summer. 



Fig. 100. — Red Polled Bull "Cbemo." Avery noted prize winner, owned 

 by Frank Davis & Son, Holbrook, Neb. 



The Red Polled cattle, natives of Norfolk and Suffolk counties, England, are 

 classed as dual purpose. They give good returns in both beef and milk, but 

 do not equal the beef cattle for beef or .the milk cattle for milk. In size the 

 bulls range from 1500 to 2000 pounds, the cows 1200 to 1400 pounds. The 

 color is always red, and the horns wanting. 



When the water-tanks are not too large, a very good way to 

 prevent freezing, except in very severe weather, is to encase 

 the tank in a box or frame and fill this frame with litter from 

 the horse stable. The frame should be so constructed as to 

 permit the use of a layer of this manure at least one foot 

 thick all around the tank. By covering all, both frame and 

 tank, with a large lid which is to be shut down at night, and 



