444 MANUAL OF FARM ANIMALS 



given up for dead practically, it may entirely recover in an hour 

 or so. 



Coal-tar Creosote and Thymol. — If, in addition to the 

 stomach-worms, the animals are suffering from a severe infection 

 of bowel worms, such as the hook worms, better results are ob- 

 tained in the treatment when powdered thymol is added to the 

 creosote. In cases of this kind, the creosote solution is prepared, 

 as already directed, and 30 to 80 or even 100 grains of thymol 

 added to each dose after it has been measured, giving 30 grains 

 to lambs, 50 to yearlings, and 70 to 100 grains to older sheep, 

 according to size. 



The tape-worms. — The digestive tract of sheep is occasionally 

 infested with tape-worms. There are several kinds of tape- 

 worms, but only two infesting sheep in this country. The 

 common one {Tcenia expansa) varies in length from ten to 

 twenty feet and in breadth from one twenty-fifth of an inch 

 at the head to one-half an inch at the tail. The life history 

 is somewhat similar to that of the stomach-worm. Sheep 

 become infested in the same way, the most common source 

 being old infested sheep pastures and the most susceptible 

 animals being those rather run down in flesh. 



The best method of combating tape-worms is prevention by 

 changing from one pasture to another and by the use of sown 

 pastures, as suggested in the discussion on summer care of the 

 flock (page 382) . Wing recommends liberal feeding of pumpkins 

 in the fall. Pumpkin seeds are well-known vermifuges. By 

 the frequent use of sown pastures and the feeding of pump- 

 kins almost every fall he reports entire freedom from this 

 disease. Tape-worms are easily prevented but very difficult 

 of eradication. 



In case the sheep are affected with tape-worm, treatment 

 should be given, though the results will depend in a large meas- 

 ure upon the degree of infection. From Bulletin No. 19 and 

 Circular No. 35, Bureau of Animal Industry, we take the fol- 



