KEY TO THE SPECIES 57 



7. HERACLEUM (Parsnip) 



Thick-stemmed, with huge ternate leaves on petioles with greatly dilated base, 

 large umbels with conspicuous white flowers and strongly flattened carpels. 



1. Heracleum lanatum Miuhx. (Cow-parsnip). Pubescent or woolly above ; 

 leaflets round-cordate, cut-toothed, 10-25 cm. broad ; fruit oval, pubescent ; the 

 lateral ribs of carpels winged. 



XLVI. CORNACEiE (Dogwood Family) 



Usually shrubs with opposite (rarely alternate) simple leaves, 

 4 petals, 4 stamens, a single style, and an inferior 2-celled ovary 

 becoming a 1- or 2-seeded fleshy stone-fruit. 



1. CORNUS (Cornel. Dogwood) 



Herbs and shrubs with entire leaves, small flowers in open clusters or close 

 heads, minutely 4-toothed calyx, and oblong spreading petals. 



* Flowers greenish, in a close cluster surrounded by a large and showy 4-leaved 

 corolla-lili:e white or pinkish involucre. 



1. Cornus Canadensis L. (Dwahf Cornel. Bunch-berry). Stems low and 

 simple, 1-2 dm. high, from a slender creeping rootstoclc ; lower leaves scale-lilce, 

 the upper crowded into an apparent whorl of 6 or 4, ovate and pointed ; leaves of 

 the involucre ovate ; fruit globular, bright red. Damp cold woods. 



* Flowers white, in flat open clusters, with no involucre. 



2. Cornus stolonifera Michx. (Red-osier Dogwood). Shrubs forming 

 clumps, 1-2 m. high, branches (especially the osier-like young ones) bright red- 

 purple, smooth ; leaves opposite, ovate, rounded at base, short-pointed, minutely 

 hairy on both sides, whitish beneath ; flowers in small loose clusters ; fruit white 

 or lead-color. Wet places. 



XLVII. PYROLACEiE (Ptbola Family) 



Herbs with evergreen foliage, corolla of separate petals, 10 

 stamens, anthers opening by pores at base, depressed globose 

 5-Iobed pods, and otherwise as in Ericaceoe. 



1. Chimaphila. Stems leafy, flowers in a terminal flat-topped cluster ; style 

 very short. 



2. Pyrola. Leaves all basal ; flowers in a raceme ; style long. 



1. CHIMAPHILA (PiPSissEWA) 



Low plants with long running underground shoots, evergreen thick and 

 shining leaves, fragrant flowers in a terminal cluster, and orbicular widely spread- 

 ing petals. 



1. Cliiinaphila umbellata. Leafy, 1-2 dm. high ; leaves wedge-lanceolate, 

 sharply serrate, not spotted ; flowers flesh color. Dry woods. 

 5 



