A HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND 
Stile in Ennerdale, or High Street, which latter mountain belongs to 
Westmorland. The average temperature of this zone is from 39° to 42°. 
Above the level of 2,700 feet but little vegetation of any kind is to be 
met with. Only the highest tarn, viz., Sprinkling Tarn, on the north 
of Scaw Fell, the elevation of which is 1,g00 feet above sea-level, falls 
distinctly within the bounds of this zone. Here are to be found alpine 
plants such as Oxyria digyna, Silene acaulis, Sedum Rhodiola, Saxifraga 
oppositifolia, S. nivalis, S. stellaris, Cerastium alpinum, Hteracium alpinum, 
H. chrysanthum, Thalictrum alpinum; and also that very rare species 
Saussurea alpina, Vaccinium Myrtillus, V. Vitis-Ide@a and Epilobium alsine- 
folium, with some of our hardier ferns may be found in the crevices of 
the slate cliffs. 
Zone 4—Watson’s mid-arctic zone—includes all the mountain 
summits in excess of 2,700 feet in height, namely :— 
Feet Feet 
Scawfell Pike. . . . . . . 3,206 Hanging Knott . . . . . « 2,903 
ecawidll ge eo ws eo Ge Gere nd. ae we, BB 
Helvellyh «x « «© « » » « ~ 9yta8 Croso Fell. « « . . « 2,892 
Skiddaw . . . . . . . . «©3058 ~=Blencathra (Saddleback) . . . 2,847 
Bowfell . . . . . . . . 2,960 Great Dodd . . . - . « 2,804 
Great Gable. so we & § BORO “Grasiegry 4 4b 2 we we we & Bt 
The Pillar, « « =» « « « « @927 The Steeple . 2. « « « « « 2756 
Here there is nothing but bare rocky hill top, with a very scanty 
vegetation. ‘The only two plants which are characteristic of this zone 
are Salix herbacea and Carex rigida, which grow on most of the hills just 
mentioned, and are the two most distinctly arctic plants of our flora. 
FLORA OF CUMBERLAND 
SUMMARY OF ORDERS, NUMBER OF GENERA AND OF SPECIES IN 
EACH ORDER 
Total | Total |Excluded Total | Total /Exclude 
Genera | Species | Species Genera | Species | Species 
in each | in each | in each in each | in each} in each 
Order | Order | Order Order | Order | Order 
CLASS L 9. Violacee . . . I 9 — 
10. Polygalee . 1 3 /— 
DicoTyLeDONEs OR 11, Frankenacez (not 
ExocENEx represented) 
Div. I. Thalamifora 12. Caryophyllee . 13 | 46 | 14 
13. Portulacee . 2 ZI I 
1. Ranunculacee . 13 | 34 6 14. Tamariscinee . — |— I 
2. Berberidex I rf 15. Elatinee 1 2)— 
3. Nymphzacez . 2 2|— 16. Hypericinee I 9 3 
4. Papaveracee 3 7 2 17. Malvacee . gles 2 
5. Fumariacee 2 8 2 18. Tiliacee I 24 — 
6. Crucifere . 25 | 59 | 10 19. Linez 2 3 2 
7. Resedaceze . I 2 I 20. Geraniacez. 3 1 14 6 
8. Cistineze I 1 |— 21. Ilicinee . I 1 |— 
