INSECTS 
wood in which there are ponds. Its habits are restless and it is not 
easily netted. AE. cyanea, Miill., I have taken in the same locality as the 
preceding, but it is a scarcer insect. Calopteryx virgo, Linn., is not un- 
common in Newbiggen Wood near Carlisle, through which the river 
Petteril runs. Its flight is weak. Pyrrhosoma nympbhula, Sulz., occurs 
generally throughout the county, being found near running streams and 
pools.  Ischnura elegans, Lind., and Agrion puella, Linn., are both 
common, inhabiting similar localities to the preceding species. 
Enallagma cyathigerum, Charp., has been found in the Brampton and 
Keswick districts. 
The other divisions of the Neuroptera have not been worked in 
Cumberland, so I cannot give any information about them. 
HYMENOPTERA 
ACULEATA 
Ants, Bees and Wasps 
The order Hymenoptera in its widest sense is one of the most exten- 
sive of the orders of insects, including as it does the Ants, Bees, Wasps, 
Sand Wasps, Saw Flies, Gall Flies and Ichneumon Flies. The Aculeata 
are the highest section of the order, and their social habits and generally 
large size have induced hymenopterists to devote most of their attention 
to them. In Cumberland the Aculeata are imperfectly known, but from 
the little which has been done it is probable that the fauna is a rich one. 
Among the more interesting species which have occurred may be men- 
tioned Vespa austriaca (males) and Nomada roberjeotiana, the latter being 
captured with Andrena analis as its host. Mention should also be made 
of A. lapponica, of which the first recorded British males were taken 
near Carlisle in 1899. 
HETEROGYNA Myrmicip& (continued) — 
ForMIcIDz Monomorium pharaonis, Linn. This 
Formica, Linn. minute ant, though not indigenous 
— rufa, Linn. Keswick; abundant in to the British Isles, swarms in flour 
Ashness Wood mills in Carlisle 
—— fusca, Linn. Occurs everywhere ; one 
of the commonest ants in the county FOSSORES 
— flavus, De Geer. Rather local, but PompiLip# 
common where it occurs; Borrow- Pompilus, Fab. 
dale, Silloth — plumbeus, Fab. Swarms on the sand 
— niger, Linn. hills at Silloth 
— ,,__ race alienus, Forst. Salius, Fab. 
Myrmicip& — exaltatus, Fab. Wan Fell 
Leptothorax, Mayr. SPHEGID& 
— acervorum, Fab. Locally abundant ; Gorytes, Latr. 
Carlisle district, Cumrew Fell — mystaceus, Linn. Carlisle 
Myrmica, Latr. Nysson, Latr. 
— rubra, Linn. — spinosus, Fab. Carlisle 
— race ruginodis, Nyl. i c Mellinus, Fab. 
— ,, scabrinodis, Nyl. ices — arvensis, Linn. Silloth ; rather common 
— ,, lobicornis. One specimen taken — sabulosus, Fab. Sidloth 
near Carlisle, March 11th, 1900 Crabro, Fab. 
103 
