A HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND 
Large Skipper, though it occurs annually in tolerable abundance in 
meadows near woods in the neighbourhood of Carlisle. Near Keswick 
it is rare. 
HETEROCERA 
Moths 
SPHINGES 
Acherontia atropos, L., is met with almost every year in one part of 
the county or another, but it is never common. The rare brown variety 
of the larva has been found in the Brampton district. Sphinx convolvult, 
L., is less seldom taken, though three or four specimens were obtained in 
Carlisle in 1897. 8S. /igustri, L., is only recorded from Penrith and 
Keswick and is rare. A good many Deilephila galu, Schiff., have 
occurred during the last half-century, mostly on the coast about Work- 
ington. The most recent captures are one at Hayton near Brampton in 
1888 and one at Maryport about the year 1895. Of the very rare D. 
livornica, Esp., at least half a dozen captures have come under my notice, 
the last being at Heads Nook in June, 1892, the others being from the 
neighbourhood of Workington and Maryport on the coast. Cherocampa 
celerio, L., has occurred on several occasions in various parts of the 
county. One taken near Keswick may be seen in Keswick Museum. 
C. porcellus, L., is not often met with, most captures being made on the 
coast. C. e/penor, L., is much commoner, occurring in the same 
localities and frequenting various flowers. Smerinthus ocellatus, L., and 
populi, L., are both tolerably abundant and are especially fond of an osier- 
fringed stream, on which plant the larve are usually found. S. tia, L., 
is rare near Keswick. Macroglossa stellatarum, L., though uncertain in 
its appearance is met with by most local collectors sooner or later. In 
1899 it abounded, and both ova and larve were freely found on Galium. 
Of the Bee Hawks M. bombyliformis (narrow) only occurs, and though 
seldom seen is probably commoner than is suspected ; Carlisle and Wan 
Fell near Lazonby are localities, where it frequents heathy ground. Very 
few ‘Clearwings’ have as yet been noticed. Trochilium bembeciformis, 
Hb., is rather common in the larval state in the main stems of sallow 
bushes in one or two places near Carlisle. Sesia tipuliformis, Clerck, is 
found in gardens at Keswick, and is probably overlooked in other parts 
of the county. SS. myopiformis, Bork., culiciformis, L., and formiciformis, 
Esp., are recorded from Flimby Wood by the late G. Mawson, whose 
records however must be treated with some diffidence. In the Carlisle 
district Ino statices, L., occurs in plenty in meadows in June, flying most 
readily just before sunset. I. geryon, Hb., is recorded from Keswick by 
Barclay, and I. g/obularie, Hb., from Orton Moss by Kirby, but I have 
not myself had an opportunity of examining Cumberland examples and 
indeed have considerable doubts of the correctness of the latter record. 
Of the ‘ Burnets’ Zygena lomicere, Esp., has occurred near Keswick, and 
Z. filtpendula, L., is locally common in most places, preferring as a 
habitat damp meadows and railway banks. 
122 
