- INSECTS 
campa gothica, L., T. incerta, Hufn., T. stabilis, View., and T. pulverulenta, 
Esp., are very abundant, while J. opima, Hb., J. populeti, Fb., and T. 
gracilis, Fb., though nearly as widely distributed are of less frequent 
occurrence. TIT. munda, Esp., is not uncommon near Keswick but scarce 
elsewhere. Orthosia suspecta, Hb., is very erratic in its appearance. 
Near Carlisle in 1895 it swarmed, but I have not heard of it since, at 
any rate in that district. It has also occurred near Keswick and Bramp- 
ton. O. upsilon, Bork., occurs sparingly near Keswick. O. /ofa, Clerck, 
and O. macilenta, Hb., are regular autumnal visitors to ‘sugar,’ along 
with Anchocelis rufina, L., and A. litura,L. A. pistacina, Fb.,s0 common 
further south, appears to be extremely rare in this county. 4. /unosa, 
Haw., is usually a scarce species, but Mr. G. B. Routledge took it freely 
in 1878 near the village of Hayton. Cerastis vaccinii, L., and C. spadicea, 
Hb., occur throughout the county, the last-named in my experience being 
much the scarcer of the two. One of the latest visitors of the year to 
‘sugar’ is Scopelosoma satellita, L., and hibernating is met with again in 
the spring. Xanthia citrago, L., is not often noticed, but X. fu/vago, L., 
and X. flavago, Fb., abound. They may be freely bred from catkins of 
sallow. X. circe/laris, Hufn., is common at ‘ sugar’ in the autumn and I 
have taken the var. macilenta, Haw. Cirrhedia xerampelina, Hb., is found 
throughout the county in small numbers resting on ash trunks or on gas 
lamps at night. Tethea subtusa, Fb., is rare. Mr. George Wilkinson 
bred two specimens in 1897 from larve spun between aspen leaves near 
Carlisle. This is the only recent record I can hear of. Cosmia paleacea, 
Esp., is very rare, only occurring in Barron Wood. Calymnia trapezina, L., 
is common and variable, but C. afinis, L., appears to be very rare. It 
has occurred near Keswick. Dianthecia conspersa, Esp., is abundant near 
Maryport and has occurred in other localities. D. cucubali, Fues., is 
always scarce though found all over the county. D. capsincola, Hb., is 
common wherever much white campion grows, D. carpophaga, Bork., 
being much scarcer, while D. capsophila, Dup., is scarcer still. Hecatera 
serena, Fb., is taken sparingly near Carlisle and Mawson appears to have 
met with it in the west. Po/a chi, L., is plentiful everywhere, the var. 
olivacea, St., occasionally being taken. Carlisle is the only locality in the 
county where Dasypolia temp, Thnb., has been found. It frequents 
street lamps but is far from common. Epunda Jutulenta, Bork., is taken 
near Brampton and Carlisle. The vars. /uneburgensis, Frr., and sedi, Gn., 
occur as well as the typical form. LE. mgra, Haw., is generally diffused 
throughout the county and not uncommon. Cveoceris viminalis, Fb., 
varying from the type to var. obscura, Stgr., is sometimes common at 
‘sugar’ and the larve may readily be found between united sallow 
leaves. Miselia oxyacanthea, L., in its typical form is common every- 
where. The pupe of Agriopis aprilina, L., may be freely dug up at 
the roots of oak in August. The variation of this species is in the 
direction of a banded form. uplexia Jucipara, L., is a moderately 
common summer moth in all the districts which are regularly worked. 
The autumn brood of Ph/ogophora meticulosa, L., is usually very numerous. 
I 129 K 
