A HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND 
the former (the ‘ brownish insect’) has only been found near Keswick 
and that the latter (the ‘whitish insect’) is common near Carlisle, 
Brampton and Lazonby. The last-named locality is the only one 
where J. punctularia, Hb., occurs in any numbers. Gwophos obscuraria, 
Hb., has been taken on Barrow Mountain near Keswick and in Barron 
Wood. On rough heaths where furze grows freely Pseudoterpna 
pruinata, Hufn., is a sure find. That fine ‘Emerald’ Geometra papilo- 
naria, L., is fairly common. It flies amongst birch about 10 p.m. to- 
wards the end of June, but to get really fine specimens they must be 
bred. The larva may be found on birch in spring, feeding from the 
extremity of a twig down to the main stem of the bush. ods /actearta, 
L., is common in most woods. Zonosoma punctaria, L., and Z. pendularia, 
Clerck, are also woodland species. Z. obicularia, Hb., was taken on 
Hesket Moss by the late T. C. Heysham, and Z. annulata, Schulz., at 
Great Orton by the same enthusiastic naturalist. Hyria muricata, Hufn., 
though occurring in Barron Wood and near Rose Castle in Heysham’s 
time, appears now to be only taken on peaty bogs near Keswick. <Asthena 
luteata, Schiff., is to be captured in woods near Carlisle but is not 
common. 4. candidata, Schiff., is more widely spread and frequents 
grassy places amongst trees. 4. sy/vata, Hb., is very rare. 4. blomeri, 
Curt., is recorded from Barron Wood by J. B. Hodgkinson (We. Int., 
vol. vi. p. 156).  Eupisteria obliterata, Hufn., occurs sparingly near Car- 
lisle ; near Lazonby it is more abundant. Venusia cambrica, Cutt., affects 
tree trunks in woods, but is seldom taken in any numbers. <Acidaha 
dimidiata, Hufn., and A. dbisetata, Hufn., are woodland and hedgerow 
species. 4. dilutaria, Hb., and A. immutata, L., are found near Keswick. 
A. virgularia, Ab., occurs more generally about honeysuckle, etc. By 
far the commonest ‘ Wave’ of the woods is 4. remutaria, Hb. A. fumata, 
St., is a ‘moss’ species and is not uncommon in a suitable habitat. The 
var. spoliata, Stgr., of A. aversata, L., is generally distributed and common 
but the type is rare. 4. imornata, Haw., has been once taken near Car- 
lisle by Mr. G. Wilkinson. Cabera pusaria, L., and C. exanthemata, 
Scop., are common in woods. Macaria notata, L., was taken by Hey- 
sham near Kirkandrews-on-Eden. M. /iturata, Clerck, is fairly abundant 
in fir woods and sometimes visits ‘ sugar.’ Halia vauaria, L., is a common 
garden moth, the larva feeding on currant and gooseberry. Strenia clath- 
rata, L., is partial to grassy railway cuttings and sandhills and is locally 
abundant. In woods where much bracken grows Panagra petraria, Hb., 
is to be looked for. Numeria pulveraria, L., is found in many woods in 
limited numbers. Scodiona belgiaria, Hb., is only taken on the moors. 
Every heath in the county harbours Ematurga atomaria, L., and every fir 
wood Bupalus pintaria,L. On some of the ‘ mosses’ Aspillates strigillaria, 
Hb., is at times excessively abundant. Abraxas grossulariata, L., is a garden 
pest. 4. sy/vata, Scop., occurs in plenty in most woods where there are 
many elms. Ligdia adustata, Schiff., has only been taken near Keswick. 
Lomaspilis marginata, L., is common amongst sallow. Hydernia rupt- 
capraria, Hb., H. leucophearia, Schiff., H. aurantiaria, Esp., H. marginaria, 
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