A HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND 
DIPLOPODA 
Millipedes 
POLYDESMID 
Millipedes in which the body consists of 
from nineteen to twenty segments most of 
which in all the British species are furnished 
on each side with a repugnatorial pore sup- 
ported upon a lateral crest or keel. 
5. Polydesmus complanatus, Linn. Faun. Suecic., 
ed. 2, p. 502 (1761). 
Carlisle. 
The commonest and largest British species. 
6. Polydesmus denticulatus, C. Koch. 
Myriap., p. 135 (1847). 
Carlisle. 
Distinguishable from the preceding by its 
smaller size and squarer antero-lateral angles 
of the keels. Hitherto this species has only 
been known from one or two localities in the 
south of England. 
CHORDEUMID/E 
Millipedes with almost invariably thirty 
body-segments furnished dorsally with six 
symmetrically disposed bristles, without re- 
pugnatorial pores and usually keeled much as 
in the Polydesmidz. 
Syst. der 
7. Atractosoma polydesmoides, Leach. Zool. 
Misc., iii. p. 36, pl. 134, fig. 15 (1817). 
Carlisle. 
This species with its large lateral keels 
closely resembles an elongate Polydesmus. 
IULID/E 
Millipedes in which the body consists of a 
large but variable number of segments furnished 
with pores but without the lateral keels charac- 
teristic of the two preceding families. 
8. Iulus sabulosus, Linn. 
p. 639 (1758). 
Carlisle. 
A large species distinguishable from the rest 
of the British species that are furnished witha 
caudal process by the presence of a pair of dorsal 
longitudinal pale bands. 
Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 
g. Iulus niger, Leach. 
(1817). 
Carlisle. 
Nearly as large as the preceding and also 
furnished with a caudal process, but distinguish- 
able by the absence of dorsal bands and the 
presence of transverse grooves on the anterior 
portion of the segments. 
Zool, Misc, iii. p. 34 
10. Iulus pilosus, Newport. Ann. Mag. Nat. 
Hist., xi. p. 316 (1842). 
Carlisle. 
Resembling I. niger in colour, but smaller 
and without the transverse grooves on the 
anterior half of the segments. 
ARACHNIDA 
Spiders, etc. 
Although some little work has been done in the collecting of mem- 
bers of this order in the county of Cumberland, yet one cannot consider 
the following account of the spider-fauna of the region under considera- 
tion in any respect a full one. 
So far as the physical characters of the county are concerned, the 
area may be roughly divided into three districts, speaking of course 
entirely from an arachnological point of view. 
First we have the Eden Valley district, comprising all those valleys 
formed by the courses of the Eden, the Caldew, the Esk and the Irthing, 
consisting of more or less undulating country, richly wooded and clothed 
with rank vegetation in the glens, gradually blending in their upper 
reaches with the heather regions and higher moorlands of the Fell 
Country. There will of course be found throughout the county regions 
of a somewhat similar nature formed by the watercourses which empty 
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