SPIDERS 
themselves on the west into the Irish Sea and on the south into More- 
cambe Bay. 
The second, or So/way district, consists of an immense tract of level 
mud and sand, meadow and marshland, forming the delta of the united 
waters of the four rivers mentioned above. In connection with this 
district must be recollected certain areas and spots of a swampy rushy 
boggy nature known as the Mosses, amongst which may be noted Solway 
Moss and Newtown Moss near Penrith. 
The Lake district itself to some extent comprehends the physical 
characters of both the foregoing areas, comprising meadow-lands, moor- 
lands, grass and heather districts and, in addition to the ordinary fell 
regions, the higher rocky desolate mountain heights where several rare 
species peculiar to them are found. 
Another region, which might almost be said to constitute a fourth 
area, consists of the sand-dunes which lie to the south of the entrance of 
the Solway Firth, extending with interruptions as far as St. Bees, and 
beyond this further south until it ends, so far as Cumberland is concerned, 
at the mouth of the river Duddon, near Broughton-in-Furness. Many 
species almost confined to the sand-dunes are to be found in this district. 
So far as the geology of the district is concerned it is of a very 
uniform character, consisting of the two forms of slate known as the 
Skiddaw and Green Slates, with an occasional outcrop of granite on Sca- 
fell for instance and in Wastwater, of syenite in the Ennerdale valley, with 
a mere streak of limestone running from Coniston in the direction of 
Windermere and Long-Sleddale. These geological features, with the 
New Red Sandstone of the Eden, Armathwaite and Penrith districts, un- 
doubtedly furnish us with a country whose physical constitution and 
consequent climatic temperament should afford us a fauna rich in itself 
and in some respects decidedly different to that which we find on the 
limestone and chalk formations of the south of England. 
We may in this connection point to a few species which are not 
only peculiar to our own hill country, but also many of them character- 
istic of the hill districts of the continent, as for instance, the sub-alpine 
regions of France, the Austrian Tyrol, the mountains of Tatra, Silesia, 
Gallicia and the highlands of Germany: namely Bolyphantes alticeps, 
Lepthyphantes tenebricolus, L. pinicolus, L. angulatus, Micryphantes sublimis, 
Macrargus adipatus, Oreoneta rudis and Pardosa traillit. 
Of the 550 and upwards of species recorded from England and 
Wales 219 are all that have hitherto been placed to the credit of Cumber- 
land, though this is, comparatively speaking, a very creditable list. Of 
these the most worthy of notice are Prosthesima electa, Agreca celans, 
Philodromus fallax, Lycosa miniata, Pardosa trailli, Crypheca diversa, Singa 
hamata, Tetragnatha pinicola, Lepthyphantes tenebricolus, L. pinicolus, Bathy- 
phantes setiger, Oreoneta rudis, Centromerus expertus, Leptothrix hardit, 
Mengea scopiger and M. warburtonii, Microneta sublimis, Dicymbium tibiale, 
Cornicularia karpinski, Caledonia evansi, Cnephalocotes curtus, Lophocarenum 
menget, Asagena phalerata and Hyftiotes paradoxus. 
I 145 L 
