A HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND 
g. Father-lasher or Bullhead. Cottus scorpius, 
Linn. 
A plentiful species in the shallow waters of 
the Solway Firth. The young are often cap- 
tured in great numbers in the shrimp nets. 
10. Grey Gurnard. Trigla gurnardus, Linn. 
A common resident species; the small fry 
prefer the shallow inshore waters, and are 
caught in great numbers in the shrimp nets. 
11. Red Gurnard. Trigla cuculus, Linn. 
An irregular visitant, or, if stationary, its 
numbers seem to vary from year to year. 
12. Sapphirine Gurnard or Tub-fish. Trigla 
hirundo, Linn. 
Our fishermen consider the present species 
of uncommon occurrence. I received a fine 
female fish from the Solway Firth in the 
summer of 1894. It weighed 72 lb., and was 
preserved for the Carlisle Museum. 
13. Pogge or Armed Bull-head. Agonus cata- 
phractus, Linn. 
A common shallow-water species, plentiful 
in the tideway of the Solway Firth. 
14. Lump Sucker. Cyclopterus lumpus, Linn. 
Locally, Sea Hen, Lump, Sea Owl, Pad, Sea 
Pad (o4s.). 
Not perhaps sufficiently abundant to be 
termed common, but of frequent occurrence. 
I have often received specimens of different 
sizes from the Solway Firth. 
15. Sea Snail. Liparis vulgaris, Flem. 
I have not seen specimens from the open 
coast; but the sea snail is common in the 
shallows of the Solway Firth. 
16. Diminutive Sea Snail. 
Donovan. 
This small fish is taken in our inshore 
water by shrimp fishermen. It has only been 
observed during the summer months. 
17. Spotted Goby.  Gobius minutus, Linn. 
(Gobius gracilis, Jenyns) 
Locally, Groundling. 
This goby is of common occurrence in the 
Solway Firth. 
18. White Goby. Latrunculus albus, Parnell. 
A resident species, often netted by shrimpers 
in the shallows of the Solway Firth. 
Liparis montagui, 
1g. John Dory. Zeus faber, Linn. 
A scarce fish on this coast, and small speci- 
mens seem to be more often met with than 
large ones. The last I heard of was caught 
in a flounder-net near Silloth in the summer 
of 1898. Dr. I’Anson has seen two or more 
specimens which had been caught near White- 
haven. 
20. Scad or Horse Mackerel. Caranx tra- 
churus, Linn. 
An uncommon species in our inshore 
waters. Curiously enough I never handled a 
local specimen until December, 1897, when 
a full-grown horse mackerel was found dead 
on the sand near Silloth. Another was sent 
to me to identify the following year. It had 
been taken near Port Carlisle. 
21. Mackerel. Scomber scombrus, Linn. 
A common visitant, chiefly taken in draught 
nets and with the trawl. 
22. Tunny. Orcynus thynnus, Linn. 
An irregular visitant to our inshore waters. 
In August, 1893, a small specimen was sent 
to me from Silloth, but owing to the heat of 
the weather it was not preserved. In Feb- 
ruary, 1896, a large example of the same fish 
was stranded by an ebbing tide on the sands 
near Skinburness. It was secured by W. 
Nicol, whose attention was drawn to it by 
the actions of a pair of great black-backed 
gulls, which were anxiously waiting for the 
tide to retire and expose the great fish. He 
towed the fish up the creek opposite his house, 
until it could be landed. I conveyed it to 
Penrith on the foliowing day, that it might 
be preserved for the Carlisle Museum. This 
fish measured 7 feet g inches from tip to tip. 
Its greatest girth was 5 feet 2 inches. It 
weighed 392 |b. 
23. Germon. Orcynus germo, Lacép. 
A rare visitant, but one which has twice 
come under my notice in the Solway Firth. 
The first specimen was found stranded in a 
creek on Burgh Marsh by a fisherman, early 
in October, 1889. It was skinned by James 
Smith, who brought the fresh skin to me for 
identification. I purchased it and had it 
mounted for the Carlisle Museum. On 
October 25th, 1897, a man named Back- 
house McVittie found a living specimen of 
the long-finned tunny lying on the sands near 
Silloth. It was still alive and strong. He 
secured the prize, and then rode off on his 
bicycle to Allonby to inform me that he 
had found a strange fish. Unfortunately, I 
was away from home, and in my absence 
the fish was declined by our taxidermist, who 
supposed it to be a common tunny. On 
returning home, I drove over to Skinburness 
and enquired for the fish, but found that 
McVittie had buried it and left home. With 
the help of a spade I disinterred the fish, and 
found to my regret that a very fine germon 
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