A HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND 
moderator lamp. They were ranged in a circle round the centre of a 
tumulus. No stone or other implements, or flints, were found.’ The 
ruins of these urns are now in the Museum in Tullie House, Carlisle. 
Another urn of the same type was found by a ploughman in the neigh- 
bourhood of Farlam, and is believed to be in private hands.” 
Several urns filled with ashes were found in the year 1775 on 
Culgaith Moor in the parish of Kirkland. In 1784, on the same moor, 
two entrenchments were discovered, about 1o yards asunder, each 
covered over with earth, 6 or 8 inches in thickness: one of them was 
circular, about 5 yards in diameter, and contained four urns standing 
upright, enclosing bones and ashes, the mouths of each covered with a 
flat stone ; the other was nearly square and contained no urns.’ 
Urns containing ashes, skull, bones, etc., are said by Hutchinson, 
writing in 1794, to have been found in a tumulus in the parish of 
of Dalston known as the Toddle Hill. It was 40 yards in diameter, 
and 7 yards high, and consisted of sand and gravel: it has been 
entirely taken away for the reparation of the roads and for building 
purposes.* An urn of this large and common type was found in the 
great tumulus at Old Parks, Kirkoswald: it was full of burnt bones. 
Fragments of other similar urns were found scattered about this tumulus. 
Fragments of two cinerary urns of this type, with overhanging rim, were 
found in December, 1890, in a cist in a gravel pit near Brackenhill 
Tower, in the parish of Arthuret. The cist was standing nearly north 
and south, and was about 3 feet long and divided into two compart- 
ments. Unfortunately the urns and bones were broken before the 
workmen understood the nature of the find. An urn with calcined bones 
in it was found in 1815 at Croglin, and is preserved in the Black Gate 
Museum at Newcastle-on-Tyne. The lower part is much broken, and 
the upper part or neck is perpendicular, and has three heavy mouldings 
round it. A sketch is in the Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of 
Newcastle-on-Tyne, vol. iii. p. 434. 
With some of these finds of cinerary urns, incense cups have been 
found, as at Garlands, where four were found, now in Tullie House ; two 
at Old Parks, Kirkoswald ; two at Loaden How, Skelton ; and two at 
Ullock. These ‘incense cups’ are of rare occurrence, and are found 
inside the sepulchral urns, placed in or upon the calcined bones. They 
are diminutive in size, and vary from a little more than 1 inch in 
diameter to about 4 inches, and from about 1 inch to about 3 inches 
* See Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaological Society, 
vol. vi. p. 190 ; also personal information. 
2 Personal information. 
° Hutchinson’s History of Cumberland, vol. i. p. 262 ; Jefferson’s History of Leath Ward. 
is Hutchinson’s History of Cumberland, vol. ii. pp. 444, 4523; Whellan’s History, vol. ii. 
p. 162. 
5 In 1900 the tumulus at Grayson-lands, Glassonby, was opened. Inside a stone circle 
was a cist, a deposit of charcoal, and a glass bead. Outside the circle, but under the tumulus, 
was an urn, inverted, with burnt bones; also a deposit of burnt bones without an urn. 
(Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Archeological Society, vol. i. pp. 295-9, 1.8.) 
236 
