A HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND 
fragments of broken urns, and also by stones showing traces or fire. The 
first incense cup already mentioned (see figs. vi. and vii.) was found 
near the north end of the line dividing the two semicircles or ovals (on 
the continuation of the line of five earthfast stones). The second and 
much superior incense cup (see figs. viii. and ix.) was found a little 
westward of the first, and in it were the twelve small beads (see fig. x.) 
already alluded to. Near to where the second incense cup was found, a flat 
stone covered one of the thirty-two interments, a protection that was not 
accorded to others of them. ‘These interments were dotted about the 
area of the semi-oval, but mainly towards the circumference. Under the 
roots of the tree, stated to have been growing on the south side of the 
mound, a large burial urn was found, full of burnt bones. It is much 
distorted by pressure, but was got out perfect, or nearly so. It stands 
1 foot 12 inches high, with a diameter of 5 inches at the bottom, and of 
1 foot 1 inch by 114 inches at the mouth, which has been distorted into 
an oval. The ornamentation on it is rude and much worn. Fragments 
of similar urns were found among the bones in some of the interments, 
and also fragments of urns of smaller and thinner paste, being probably 
of the class known as drinking cups. 
The eastern half of the area contained no interments, but two large 
excavations had been made into the original soil; both ran east and 
west, and much resembled modern graves. The larger was 8 feet 3 inches 
long by 4 feet g inches wide and 4 feet 3 inches deep ; the other was 
smaller, about the dimensions of an ordinary grave of the present day. 
Both, when first discovered, were filled up with cobble stones, and in a 
corner of the larger, under a flagstone, were some burnt bones and ashes. 
It would seem that the excavations in the eastern half of the mound 
must have contained burials by inhumation in an extended position, the 
bodies lying east and west, and having long ago wholly disappeared ; 
while the bones and ashes found there under a flagstone must have been 
a secondary interment of later date. These two burials by inhumation, 
4 feet deep below the original surface, must have been the original 
interments over which the tumulus or low was raised. The question 
arises, What is the date of the thirty-two interments by cremation in the 
western half of the mound, and what is the meaning of the wall of 
separation, and of the mysterious grooves and marks cut on the east side 
of two of the stones, and on the west side of one of them? One can 
hardly imagine the interments after cremation to have been simultaneous 
with the two by inhumation, unless there had been a wholesale slaughter 
of slaves and dependents at the time of the inhumation. It would be 
more probable that they were made subsequently, and at different times. 
Dr. Thurnam (4rcheolgia, vol. xliii. pp. 328-31), gives instances of 
central primary interments by inhumation with secondary interments 
after cremation lying on or towards the circumference of the barrows 
towards the south side, while the north is vacant, but in the instance 
before us they lie towards the west, and the east is vacant. Many in- 
- stances of burial by inhumation, and of burial after cremation in the same 
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