A HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND 
Other round forts are mentioned by the Rev. J. Clifton Ward at 
Fitz Wood, Cockermouth ; the Battery, Cromwell Holes; Embleton 
Moat; and a mile north-east of Uldale. In West Cumberland are six 
more round camps, forts or settlements. At Eaglesfield, Castlesteads is 
the name of a circular enclosure containing an acre or more. At Gatra, 
near Lamplugh, is another earthen ring. At Pardshaw, the White 
Causeway is a stony platform adjoining a raised ring of gravel and 
boulders, which encloses what is now a swampy basin; though, like 
Hardknott Camp, it must have been drained when in use. At Dovenby 
Hall is an oval camp measuring 112 by 72 yards in the park, another of 
about 58 yards diameter in the field called Guards (Garths, a name often 
denoting an ancient enclosure), and a smaller one between the two. The 
form of the rampart of the largest suggests a resemblance to the ‘British 
settlements’ known in Westmorland. 
Two other sites are connected by name with British times, though 
the earthworks are now too far ruined for classification. Dunwalloght 
or Drumwalloght, near Cumrew, on the side of the hill called Cardun- 
neth, is in the neighbourhood of many British place-names. The story 
that the Dacres had a seat here (mentioned by Hutchinson) is probably 
an error, but there used to be earthworks in a field near the church, 
and in 1832 two hillocks were removed, both apparently artificial ; no 
foundations of buildings or other remains were seen. On the other 
hand, Castle Hewen or Ewain, just across the Eden valley from Dun- 
walloght, seems to have been a stone building. Jefferson (Leath Ward, 
p. 225) describes the foundations as in his time (1840) faced with large 
ashlar stones, in some parts 8 feet in thickness. The castle measured 
233 by 147 feet, with a smaller building at one corner 49 feet square. 
The outward fence, which was of stone, appeared (says Jefferson) to 
have been circular, and from thence a ditch and breastwork ran down 
the skirt of the hill for several hundred yards. It was called Castel 
Lewen by Leland ; and very ancient tradition made it the fortress of 
Ewain, Eugenius or Owain, king of Cumberland, and the scene of Sir 
Gawaine’s adventure when ‘king Arthur lived in merry Carlisle.’ 
Tarn Wadling was not drained in Jefferson’s time, but it had dis- 
appeared by Whellan’s (1860). 
Tuns AND SQUARE Camps 
Under this heading are collected a number of dykes, generally less 
massive than the great ramparts of the ddéms, and not circular or oval. 
Some of them are square, or nearly square, in plan, and some irregular, 
but more or less following straight lines. ‘The square camps used to 
be thought Roman, but lack the essential characteristics of true Roman 
camps. 
Such are the square enclosure at Overwater, the little square 
‘camp’ at Thistlebottom (about a mile from Aughertree Fell), and the 
two small square camps near Rose Castle, of which Hutchinson (ii. 
288 
