REMAINS OF THE PRE-NORMAN PERIOD 
pele tower was built on the mound, replacing the wooden house, and 
now there are farm-buildings in which the stump of the pele serves 
asa dairy. The so-called ‘Saxon village’ at High Mains, west of Over 
Denton church, is probably such another place (Chancellor Ferguson, 
Trans. Cumb. and West. Ant. and Archaeol. Soc. vi. 194). At Headswood, 
near Newtown of Irthington, Maclauchlan noted indistinct remains of 
another such site (Memoir, p. 70). 
One of these, we have seen, was not conical but oblong ; and there 
are a few sites which seem to carry out this type, becoming the simple 
‘moated grange.’ The high mound in later times became unnecessary, 
and more room was wanted perhaps for the building. To get an 
elevated and dry site the earth from the ditch was thrown up into the 
central area, but the old apparatus of defence was abandoned. Such 
probably was the origin of a place which has puzzled antiquaries at 
Snittlegarth, formerly called a Roman camp. It is an oblong platform, 
83 by 31 feet wide, with a ditch 5 feet deep, and 12 feet broad at the 
bottom, 23 feet broad at the top; there are traces of earthworks out- 
side. This is not the only example of the kind. At Peel at the foot of 
Crummock Water is a ditch surrounding a little hill, possibly the site of 
the manor-house of the Lindsays before Richard I. Near Weary Hall, 
not far from Whitehall Mote, is a space of about 1§ acre, surrounded 
by a ditch and raised above the neighbouring level. Two similar earth- 
works used to exist at Castle Carrock ; one was about 40 yards west 
of the church, measuring too by 40 yards and formerly moated round ; 
the other at Hallsteads, described as about three times as large, and 
rising 7 or 8 yards above the surrounding meadow. At one of these 
sites a stake, fired at the end, was found, probably the remains of a 
stockade. 
The enormous earthworks of Scaleby Castle—two circular moats, 
the outer about a mile in circumference, from which the earth has 
been heaped into the centre for the castle hill—are a larger and probably 
later application of the same method. 
Plotting these earthworks on the map, it will be observed that the 
‘ duns and caers group themselves on or near the high fells, while the 
tuns dot Inglewood, ‘the wood of the English,’ and the open country to 
east and west of it; the motes lying thick in the Irthing valley, and 
more sparsely along the Eden, Wampool, Ellen and Ehen, clinging 
rather to the rivers than the Roman roads. No conclusions however 
can be drawn from such a map without the addition of ancient place- 
names, which are a class of ‘remains’ by themselves, though not included 
in the scope of this chapter. 
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