A HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND 
ment of the deeds, the anxiety of the scribe to make this immunity the 
more conspicuous is very noteworthy. The headings of the charters do 
not refer to the creation of the fee or the service due to the king. The 
first charter is styled a charter of Hubert de Vallibus ‘for quittance of 
the noutgeld of Cumberland,’ and that there may be no mistake at the 
Exchequer, or no danger of levying the geld where it was not due, the 
Chancery clerk added as a footnote that the other charters for this acquit- 
tance on the back of the roll should be consulted. In subsequent 
charters to Robert de Vallibus the same course was followed, as if freedom 
from noutgeld was the essential feature of the confirmations.’ This 
payment also was remitted by Alienor mother of Richard I., in her 
grant of two manors to Adam her cook in 1200 as a reward for his 
services. As queen of the English, duchess of Normandy and Aquitaine, 
and countess of Anjou, she notified that her dearest son king Richard— 
may his soul be in peace for ever !—gave her at her entreaty the land of 
Hobriteby and Harfineby with all their appurtenances, etc., which land 
used to pay (perso/vere) at the Exchequer forty shillings yearly. She (wos) 
now gave that land, etc., to her faithful servant (servienti) Adam the 
cook and Joan his wife freely, etc. . . . and quit of cornage and all 
other dues, which the king of the English ought to receive, paying at 
Michaelmas, yearly for all service, one pound of cummin to the king’s 
bailiffs of Carlisle (Kardolic).2 It was almost in the same terms that 
Adam the favoured servant had received the grant of the manor of Old 
Salkeld in 1194 from king Richard,’ with quittance of all dues save 
one pound of pepper, though cornage or noutgeld is not mentioned. For 
this grace the king exacted a substantial fine.* The change of tenure 
from the payment of geld to military service in Westmorland by 
Richard I. corresponds with his father’s dealings with the barony of 
Gillesland. The great baronies of Westmorland and Kendal belonging 
to Gilbert son of Roger son of Reinfred were freed from noutgeld on 
becoming a fee of one knight by payment of a fine of twenty marks. 
The king gave him quittance throughout all his land of ‘Westmerland 
and of Kendale of noutegeld, viz. of 14/. 16s. 3¢., which he, Gilbert, was 
accustomed to render for noutegelde for the aforesaid land ; also quit- 
tance of shires, wapentacs, trithings, aids of sheriffs and all their bailiffs.’ 
This acquittance the king confirmed to him and his heirs for the service 
of one knight, which they ought to do for the aforesaid noutegeld. For 
1 The three charters end, before the testing clauses, with the words‘ quietas ab omni Neutegeldo.’ 
The charter of Hubert is headed ‘Carta Huberti de Vallibus de Quietantia Noutegeldi de Cumber- 
land’; with the note below, ‘Respice Alias Cartas de eadem Quietantia in Tergo.’ Robert’s first 
charter is described as ‘Carta Roberti de Vallibus de predicta Quietantia,’ and his second as ‘Item Carta 
de predicta Quietantia’ (Chancery, Carte Antique, DD, Nos. 7, 20, 21). 
2 Calendar of Documents preserved in France, No. 1107, ed. J. H. Round, Rolls Series. This charter, 
which is new to local history, is dated ‘per manum Rogeri capellani nostri apud Fontem Ebraldi anno 
incarnati verbi millessimo C°C’.’ It has a seal in green wax on a tag of brown silk with the legend, 
*Aurenor Der Gracia Racine Ancrorum Ducisse NormannoruM’; on the reverse, ‘ ALIENOR Det 
Gracia Ducisse AquiranoruM ET ComITIssE ANDEGAVORUM.’ 
3 Chancery, Carte Antique, F, No. 14; Rymer, Federa, i. 63, new edition, 
4 Pipe Roll, 6 Ric. I. 
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