A HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND 
de Karliol, enumerated, among the obligations due from the vill, an annual 
cornage rent of 16d. and the doing of foreign service if such should arise. 
In subsequent transactions with the monks of Holmcultram, to whom 
the land of Neuby had been granted, the same royal obligations were the 
subject of arrangement between the parties.!. Then again on the settlement 
of a dispute in the king’s court in 1209 about certain lands in ‘Halteclo, 
a vill in the parish of ‘Kaudebec,’ the payment of cornage and the doing 
of foreign service were recognized as distinct burdens on the tenement.” 
When we meet with such an equation of services, it does not necessitate 
a hazardous deduction to infer that the doing of foreign service was in 
some way connected with the ‘endemot’ of the Gospatric charter. _ 
But it will be necessary to inquire more closely into the signification 
of foreign or forinsec service, by no means the least difficult phrase in feudal 
terminology. And here it may be explained that ‘forinsec service’ was 
due by every tenement to the king, and had been so called, according to 
Bracton’s definition,’ because it was rendered by the tenant outside (for7s) 
and beyond the service due to the lord of the soil. Forinsec service 
became a matter of stipulation between the grantor and the grantee, accord- 
ing as either party to the bargain was called on to discharge it. The penalty 
was attached to the land, and lay outside the power of the owner to deal 
with it. For that reason of course it must be of constant occurrence in local 
charters. But what is the precise meaning to be attached to it? Per- 
haps we may learn something from the commoner term ‘forinsec,’ which 
is used in not a few connections in a subjective sense, with the signifi- 
cance of ‘outside,’ which is more restricted in its application than 
‘foreign’ according to modern usage. As implying something beyond 
or outside one’s own borders, forinsecus had a well-defined meaning when 
employed by the draughtsmen of local conveyancing, as, for example, the 
petra forinseca* called Greyston, one of the bounds of the land of Neuton 
in ‘Goseford,’ the fourth part of one rood situated in forinseca parte’ of 
the toft which was formerly Gilbert’s, and the averia forinseca®* which 
trespassed in the wood of ‘Auredale.’ A territorial signification is clearly 
indicated. The saving clauses of numbers of twelfth century charters, 
in the endowment of the monastic houses in the county, are concerned 
1 Reddendo mihi et heredibus meis, pro omni servicio terreno ad nos pertinente, annuatim decem 
solidos argenti, quinque solidos ad Pascha et quinque ad festum sancti Michaelis; et preterea xvi. 
denarios pro cornagio ; et faciendo aliud forense servicium si quod acciderit (Reg. of Holncultram, MS. 
ff. 23, 24). 
2 Reddendo de cornagio per annum v. solidos, scilicet, ad festum sancti Michaelis [e¢] faciendo 
forinsecum servicium quantum pertinet ad quartam partem ville de Kaudebec pro omni servicio (Pedes 
Finium [Cumberland], 10 John, p. 12, ed. J. Hunter). 
8 De Legibus et Consuetudinibus Anglia, L. ii. c. 16, f. 36. ‘It seems constantly used,’ say Pollock 
and Maitland, ‘as though it were equivalent or almost equivalent to “royal service,” “military service,” 
“scutage,” insomuch that to say of a man that he owes forinsec service is almost the same as saying that 
his tenure is military and therefore implies wardship and marriage’ (Pollock and Maitland, History 
of English Law before Edward I. i. 239 n. second edition). In Cumberland deeds we meet with several 
variations of the word, such as ‘forinsecum servicium,’ ‘foraneum,’ ‘forense,’ and, in Norman French, 
‘forain.’ On the latter form, as denoting a place beyond the county, archdeacon Hale’s note may be 
consulted (Reg. of Worcester, p. xxxvij. Camden Society). 
* Reg. of St. Bees (Harleian MS. 434), L. iii. 6. 5 Reg. of Lanercost, MS. xii. 19. 
8 Feet of Fines, p. 2, ed. Hunter. 
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