A HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND 
as the equivalent of castle-ward. In the grant of Workington and 
Lamplugh, two vills of the barony of Coupland, by William de Lan- 
castre to Gospatric son of Orm in exchange for the vill of ‘Medilton’ in 
Lonesdale, the conditions of the transaction were the annual reddendo of 
gilt spurs, or sixpence at the market of Carlisle, and the doing of foreign 
service at the castle of ‘Egermund,’ the baronial seat of the lord of 
the fee.’ 
We may now go back to the charter of Gospatric son of Orm, 
by which he endowed the abbey of Holmcultram with a portion of 
Flemingby, and inquire into the nature of the service there named. 
‘endemot,’ which, we have seen, was distinct from noutgeld as a liability 
due from the manor to the Crown. What was endemot? Has it a 
local signification? How does it agree with the other phrases which 
express a restricted military service in defence of the frontier? Is it 
a general name for a Border service, which obliged the tenants to march 
respectively in the vanguard or the rearguard of the army as the king 
invaded or retired from Scotland, and to protect the frontier, for which 
they were exempt from foreign service elsewhere? It is much easier 
to ask these questions than to answer them with any degree of certainty. 
Few instances of the occurrence of endemot have been met with in 
local documents. From its association with so many Old English or 
vernacular words in Gospatric’s charter, such as noutgeld, sewake and 
castelwerke, we must look for its meaning in that direction. If we 
trust to its etymology, it seems not improbable that we reach the source 
of the institution which afterwards came to be known as the Border or 
March court. The ‘endemen’ as the Old English for ‘ Border men,’ 
and the ‘ endeseta’ for ‘ Border settler’ or ‘ Border colonist,’ seem ana- 
logous words.’ If the meaning of the thing can be inferred from the 
etymology of the name, we have here another instance of an exceptional 
system of governmental institutions employed in the frontier counties. 
Gospatric, the grantor, undertook to pay for the monks not only the 
noutgeld, which was a royal obligation incumbent on the land,’ but also 
textually accurate, and as the skin is very much rubbed in places, the above is the best transcript that 
could be made. The collation of the Workington text with the transcript of it made by Mr. William 
Jackson in 1881 has not revealed many differences (Papers and Pedigrees, i. 336 ; Transactions of Cumb. 
and West. Archaolhgical Society, v. 312). It has been recently stated that ‘the original deed’ of William 
de Lancastre was preserved in a ‘small glazed cabinet’ in the drawing-room of the Hall (Trans. 
Cumb. and West. Archaeol. Soc. xvi, 11) ; the copy of course is meant. The date of the original charter 
must have been before 1162, when Gospatric was amerced in a plea with the lord of that barony (Pipe 
Roll, 8 Hen. II.), and probably before 1158, when his name appears in the earliest Pipe Roll of Henry II. 
(Pipe Roll, 4. Hen. II.). 
1 The obligation of furnishing ‘ castlemen” as distinct from cornage rent or payment of noutgeld is 
recognized in the Boddon Buke (pp. 20, 22, et passim, Surtees Society). For castle-ward in Northumber- 
land, the section under that head in Hodgson’s History (pt. i. pp. 261-3) may be consulted. ‘The 
theories propounded by Mr. H. Hall in the introduction to the Liber Rudeus (ii. pp. ccxxxvi.—ccl.) 
should be read in the light of the arguments advanced to the contrary by Mr. J. H. Round in the 
Commune of London and other Studies, pp. 278-88. 
2 Bosworth, Angh-Saxon Dictionary, s.v. Ende, ed. 1848: in Toller’s edition ende-saéta is described 
as an end or border inhabitant, one stationed at the extremity of a territory, Amitis incola, for which ex- 
planation he quotes ‘ Beowulf,’ Th. 487, B. 241. 
8 The payment of noutgeld was a service due to the Crown. In the gift of Haresceugh to the 
canons of Lanercost, Ada daughter of William Engayne made it a free grant, saving the king’s service, 
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