THE DOMESDAY BOOK 
and for liberty to marry her to his son Richard or his nephew Richard 
Gernun. But the bargain was not as remunerative as he expected, for 
the reason that Richard de Luci of Egremont, who had married the 
other co-heiress, made good his claim for his share of the inheritance. 
A list of the dames and girls in ward of Henry III. will be found among 
the documents included in the ‘Testa de Nevill’ collection. There are 
also instances in abundance that the heirs of cornage tenants paid fines 
for their relief on succession to property. In the earliest roll of Henry II. 
Simon de Morevill owed 50 marks for the land of Ralf Engaigne his 
wife’s father, and Peter de Tilliol was charged 50 shillings on inheriting 
the land of his grandfather. Profits arising from reliefs, wardship and 
marriages cannot be reckoned as an inconsiderable branch of Crown 
revenue in the county. 
The connection of cornage with serjeanty has been already alluded 
to as far as it involved service in the king’s army on its passage through 
Cumberland. This relationship is further recognized in the ‘Testa de 
Nevill,’ where we find tenants by cornage and by serjeanty grouped 
together and arrented under one head. The idea of serjeanty as it 
obtained in the thirteenth century is very difficult to define. While 
every tenant owed service, says a great authority,’ it was not every tenant 
who was a servant or serjeant (serviens). The central notion of the 
tenure seems to have been ‘servantship’ and not ‘service,’ for the latter 
word was used to cover every possible return which one man can make 
to another for the right of enjoying land. In many cases the tenant by 
serjeanty not only owed ‘service’ in this large sense, but was also a 
‘servant,’ such as forester, steward, falconer or messenger, and as such 
was bound to obey orders within the scope of his employment. The 
element of serjeanty inherent in cornage, or rather perhaps superimposed 
upon cornage, was military, for the tenants were obliged to occupy the 
post of danger as well as of honour in exercitu Scocie. The serjeanty of 
John de Reigny was invested with a more detached military obligation, 
as he was required to provide an armed horseman for forty days at his 
own cost. The forms of this tenure found in Cumberland do not offer 
any great variety. We have notice of at least four serjeanties created by 
Henry I. Turstan de Reigny was enfeoffed by that king with the manor 
of Neuton, afterwards known as Newton Reigny, for the service of going 
in the king’s army of Scotland with a hauberk. The vill of Racton or 
Ratton, now called Raughton, in the parish of Dalston, was granted to 
one Edwin for keeping the eyries of the king’s hawks in the forest of 
Carlisle, and Hoton, now Hutton-in-the-Forest, was given to Edmund for 
ward of the hay (4aia) or enclosure of Plumton. The tenure of Odo de 
Bochardeby may also be reckoned as a serjeanty instituted by Henry I., 
though in the sheriff’s inquest it is stated that Bochardeby was held by 
cornage. As the first grantee was Guy the hunter, one of the king’s 
serjeants, surely the confusion may have easily arisen whereby his 
1 Pollock and Maitland, History of English Law, i. 282-90, 2nd edit. 
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