NOTE ON THE PIPE ROLLS 
The translation of the Pipe Roll 31 Henry I. 
has been made from the printed book of the 
Record Commission, and agrees in substance with 
that of Mr. Joseph Bain in the Calendar of Docu- 
ments relating to Scotland. 'The section containing 
the account of William son of Alured has been 
omitted, as having no connection with Cumber- 
land. The text used for subsequent Rolls is that 
of Mr. J. Hodgson Hinde published in 1847 for 
the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle-upon- 
Tyne. His translation, as far as it goes, has been 
compared with that given in the following pages. 
The names of persons and places have been care- 
fully reproduced as they are found in the record. 
There is no account for Cumberland for the 
seventeenth year of king John. 
337 
