KINDS OF GRAFTS. 79 



wounds in order to check evaporation from the tissues. In 

 outdoor work wax is commonly used for all species of 

 graftage which wound the wood itself, but in budding, the 

 loosened bark, bound down securely by a bandage, affords 

 sufficient protection. It is commonly supposed that an 

 ordinary cleft-graft cannot live if the bark of the stock 

 immediately adjoining it is seriously wounded, but the 

 bark really serves little purpose beyond protection of the 

 tissues beneath. A cion will grow when the bark is almost 

 entirely removed from the stub, if some adequate protec- 

 tion can be given which will not interfere with the forma- 

 tion of new bark. The cion must always possess at least 

 one good bud. In most cases, only buds which are mature 

 or nearly so are used, but in the grafting of herbs very 

 young" buds may be employed. These simple requirements 

 can be satisfied in an almost innumerable variety of ways. 

 The cion or bud may be inserted in the root, crown, trunk, 

 or any of the branches ; it may be simply set under the 

 bark, or inserted into the wood itself in almost any fash- 

 ion ; and the operation may be performed either upon 

 growing or dormant plants at any season. But in prac- 

 tice there are comparatively few methods which are suffi- 

 ciently simple and e.xpeditious to admit of indiscrinu'nate 

 use ; the operator must be able to choose the particular 

 method which is best adapted to the case in hand. 



Classification of Graftage. — There are three general 

 divisions or kinds of graftage, between which, however, 

 there are no decisive lines of separation ; i. Bud-grafting, 

 or budding, in which a single bud is inserted upon the 

 surface of the wood of the stock. 2. Cion-grafting, or 

 grafting pro])er, in which a detached twig, bearing one or 

 more buds, is inserted into or upon the stock. 3. Inarch- 

 ing, or grafting by approach, in which the cion remains 

 attached to the parent plant until union takes place. This 

 last is so much like grafting proper, and is so little used, 

 that it is discussed under the head of grafting in the suc- 

 ceeding parts of this chapter. Each of these divisions 



